R語言矩陣
矩陣是元素布置成二維矩形布局的R對象。 它們包含相同原子類型的元素。儘管我們可以創建隻包含字符或隻邏輯值的矩陣,但是它們冇有多大用處。我們使用的是在數學計算中含有數字元素矩陣。
使用 matrix()函數創建一個矩陣。
語法
R語言中創建矩陣的基本語法是:
matrix(data, nrow, ncol, byrow, dimnames)
以下是所使用的參數的說明:
- data - 是這成為矩陣的數據元素輸入向量。
- nrow - 是要創建的行數。
- ncol - 要被創建的列的數目。
- byrow - 是一個合乎邏輯。如果為True,那麼輸入向量元素在安排的行。
- dimname - 是分配給行和列名稱。
示例
創建矩陣取向量的數量作為輸入
# Elements are arranged sequentially by row. M <- matrix(c(3:14), nrow=4, byrow=TRUE) print(M) # Elements are arranged sequentially by column. N <- matrix(c(3:14), nrow=4, byrow=FALSE) print(N) # Define the column and row names. rownames = c("row1", "row2", "row3", "row4") colnames = c("col1", "col2", "col3") P <- matrix(c(3:14), nrow=4, byrow=TRUE, dimnames=list(rownames, colnames)) print(P)
當我們上麵的代碼執行時,它產生以下結果:
[,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 3 4 5 [2,] 6 7 8 [3,] 9 10 11 [4,] 12 13 14 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 3 7 11 [2,] 4 8 12 [3,] 5 9 13 [4,] 6 10 14 col1 col2 col3 row1 3 4 5 row2 6 7 8 row3 9 10 11 row4 12 13 14
訪問矩陣的元素
矩陣的元素可以通過使用元素的列和行索引來訪問。我們考慮矩陣P上麵找到具體內容如下。
# Define the column and row names. rownames = c("row1", "row2", "row3", "row4") colnames = c("col1", "col2", "col3") # Create the matrix. P <- matrix(c(3:14), nrow=4, byrow=TRUE, dimnames=list(rownames, colnames)) # Access the element at 3rd column and 1st row. print(P[1,3]) # Access the element at 2nd column and 4th row. print(P[4,2]) # Access only the 2nd row. print(P[2,]) # Access only the 3rd column. print(P[,3])
當我們上麵的代碼執行時,它產生以下結果:
[1] 5 [1] 13 col1 col2 col3 6 7 8 row1 row2 row3 row4 5 8 11 14
矩陣計算
各種數學操作是在使用R運算矩陣執行。該操作的結果也是一個矩陣。
大小(行和列的數目)應與參與操作的矩陣相同。
矩陣加法和減法
# Create two 2x3 matrices. matrix1 <- matrix(c(3, 9, -1, 4, 2, 6), nrow=2) print(matrix1) matrix2 <- matrix(c(5, 2, 0, 9, 3, 4), nrow=2) print(matrix2) # Add the matrices. result <- matrix1 + matrix2 cat("Result of addition","\n") print(result) # Subtract the matrices result <- matrix1 - matrix2 cat("Result of subtraction","\n") print(result)
當我們上麵的代碼執行時,它產生以下結果:
[,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 3 -1 2 [2,] 9 4 6 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 0 3 [2,] 2 9 4 Result of addition [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 8 -1 5 [2,] 11 13 10 Result of subtraction [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] -2 -1 -1 [2,] 7 -5 2
矩陣乘法和除法
# Create two 2x3 matrices. matrix1 <- matrix(c(3, 9, -1, 4, 2, 6), nrow=2) print(matrix1) matrix2 <- matrix(c(5, 2, 0, 9, 3, 4), nrow=2) print(matrix2) # Multiply the matrices. result <- matrix1 * matrix2 cat("Result of multiplication","\n") print(result) # Divide the matrices result <- matrix1 / matrix2 cat("Result of division","\n") print(result)
當我們上麵的代碼執行時,它產生以下結果:
[,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 3 -1 2 [2,] 9 4 6 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 0 3 [2,] 2 9 4 Result of multiplication [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 15 0 6 [2,] 18 36 24 Result of division [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 0.6 -Inf 0.6666667 [2,] 4.5 0.4444444 1.5000000