R語言數組
數組是一個可以在兩個以上的維度存儲數據的R數據對象。例如 - 如果創建尺寸(2,3,4)的數組,那麼創建4個矩形矩陣每2行3列。數組隻能存儲數據類型。
使用 array()函數創建數組。它需要向量作為輸入,並使用 dim 參數的值,以創建一個數組。
示例
例子下麵將創建的每兩個3×3矩陣的數組,具有3行3列。# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2)) print(result)
當我們上麵的代碼執行時,它產生以下結果:
, , 1 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15 , , 2 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15
命名列和行
我們可以通過使用dimnames參數給予名稱添加到數組中的行,列和矩陣。
# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3") row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3") matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2") # Take these vectors as input to the array. result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(column.names,row.names,matrix.names)) print(result)
當我們上麵的代碼執行時,它產生以下結果:
, , Matrix1 ROW1 ROW2 ROW3 COL1 5 10 13 COL2 9 11 14 COL3 3 12 15 , , Matrix2 ROW1 ROW2 ROW3 COL1 5 10 13 COL2 9 11 14 COL3 3 12 15
訪問數組元素
# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) column.names <- c("COL1","COL2","COL3") row.names <- c("ROW1","ROW2","ROW3") matrix.names <- c("Matrix1","Matrix2") # Take these vectors as input to the array. result <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2),dimnames = list(column.names,row.names,matrix.names)) # Print the third row of the second matrix of the array. print(result[3,,2]) # Print the element in the 1st row and 3rd column of the 1st matrix. print(result[1,3,1]) # Print the 2nd Matrix. print(result[,,2])
當我們上麵的代碼執行時,它產生以下結果:
ROW1 ROW2 ROW3 3 12 15 [1] 13 ROW1 ROW2 ROW3 COL1 5 10 13 COL2 9 11 14 COL3 3 12 15
操縱數組元素
作為數組由矩陣中多個維度上數組的元素的操作,是由訪問矩陣的元素進行。
# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. array1 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2)) # Create two vectors of different lengths. vector3 <- c(9,1,0) vector4 <- c(6,0,11,3,14,1,2,6,9) array2 <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2)) # create matrices from these arrays. matrix1 <- array1[,,2] matrix2 <- array2[,,2] # Add the matrices. result <- matrix1+matrix2 print(result)
當我們上麵的代碼執行時,它產生以下結果:
[,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 10 20 26 [2,] 18 22 28 [3,] 6 24 30
跨越數組元素計算
我們可以用 apply()函數在一個數組做跨越元素計算。
語法
apply(x, margin, fun)
以下是所使用的參數的說明:
- x - 是一個數組
- margin - 是所使用的數據集的名稱
- fun - 是在數組中的元素應用的函數
示例
我們使用下麵的 apply()函數來計算在所有矩陣中的陣列的行中的元素的總和。
# Create two vectors of different lengths. vector1 <- c(5,9,3) vector2 <- c(10,11,12,13,14,15) # Take these vectors as input to the array. new.array <- array(c(vector1,vector2),dim=c(3,3,2)) print(new.array) # Use apply to calculate the sum of the rows across all the matrices. result <- apply(new.array, c(1), sum) print(result)
當我們上麵的代碼執行時,它產生以下結果:
, , 1 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15 , , 2 [,1] [,2] [,3] [1,] 5 10 13 [2,] 9 11 14 [3,] 3 12 15 [1] 56 68 60