MATLAB運算符
運算符是一個符號，它告訴編譯器執行特定的數學或邏輯操作。 MATLAB 設計工作主要是對整個矩陣和陣列。因此，運算符在 MATLAB 工作標和非標量數據。 MATLAB 允許以下類型的基本運算：
-
算術運算符
-
關係運算符
-
邏輯運算符
-
位運算
-
集合運算
算術運算符
MATLAB允許兩種不同類型的算術運算：
-
矩陣算術運算
-
陣列算術運算
矩陣的算術運算是線性代數中的定義相同。執行數組操作，無論是在一維和多維數組元素的元素。
矩陣運算符和數組運算符是有區彆的句號（.）符號。然而，由於加法和減法運算矩陣和陣列是相同的，操作者這兩種情況下是相同的。下表給出了運算符的簡要說明：
| 運算符 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| + | 加法或一元加號。A + B將A和B。 A和B必須具有相同的尺寸，除非一個人是一個標量。一個標量，可以被添加到任何大小的矩陣。 |
| - | Subtraction or unary minus. A-B subtracts B from A. A and B must have the same size, unless one is a scalar. A scalar can be subtracted from a matrix of any size. |
| * |
Matrix multiplication. C = A*B is the linear algebraic product of the matrices A and B. More precisely,
For nonscalar A and B, the number of columns of A must equal the number of rows of B. A scalar can multiply a matrix of any size. |
| .* | Array multiplication. A.*B is the element-by-element product of the arrays A and B. A and B must have the same size, unless one of them is a scalar. |
| / | Slash or matrix right division. B/A is roughly the same as B*inv(A). More precisely, B/A = (A'B')'. |
| ./ | Array right division. A./B is the matrix with elements A(i,j)/B(i,j). A and B must have the same size, unless one of them is a scalar. |
| Backslash or matrix left division. If A is a square matrix, AB is roughly the same as inv(A)*B, except it is computed in a different way. If A is an n-by-n matrix and B is a column vector with n components, or a matrix with several such columns, then X = AB is the solution to the equation AX = B. A warning message is displayed if A is badly scaled or nearly singular. | |
| . | Array left division. A.B is the matrix with elements B(i,j)/A(i,j). A and B must have the same size, unless one of them is a scalar. |
| ^ | Matrix power. X^p is X to the power p, if p is a scalar. If p is an integer, the power is computed by repeated squaring. If the integer is negative, X is inverted first. For other values of p, the calculation involves eigenvalues and eigenvectors, such that if [V,D] = eig(X), then X^p = V*D.^p/V. |
| .^ | Array power. A.^B is the matrix with elements A(i,j) to the B(i,j) power. A and B must have the same size, unless one of them is a scalar. |
| ' | Matrix transpose. A' is the linear algebraic transpose of A. For complex matrices, this is the complex conjugate transpose. |
| .' | Array transpose. A.' is the array transpose of A. For complex matrices, this does not involve conjugation. |
關係運算符
關係運算符標和非標量數據上也能正常工作。關係運算符對數組進行元素元素元素設置為邏輯1（真）的關係是真實的和元素設置為邏輯0（假），它是兩個陣列，並返回一個同樣大小的邏輯陣列之間的比較。
下表顯示了 MATLAB 中的關係運算符：
| 運算符 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| < | Less than |
| <= | Less than or equal to |
| > | Greater than |
| >= | Greater than or equal to |
| == | Equal to |
| ~= | Not equal to |
邏輯運算符
MATLAB提供了兩種類型的邏輯運算符和函數：
-
Element-wise -這些運算符的邏輯陣列上運行相應的元素。
-
Short-circuit -這些運算上的標量，邏輯表達式。
Element-wise 的邏輯運算符操作元素元素邏輯陣列。符號＆，|和〜邏輯數組運算符AND，OR，NOT。
允許短路短路邏輯運算符，邏輯運算。符號 && 和 | | 是短路邏輯符 AND 和 OR。
位運算
位運算符位和執行位位操作。 ＆，|和^的真值表如下：
| p | q | p & q | p | q | p ^ q |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
假設如果A= 60，B =13，他們現在以二進製格式將如下：
A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------
A&B = 0000 1100
A|B = 0011 1101
A^B = 0011 0001
~A = 1100 0011
MATLAB提供位運算，如'位'，'位'和'位不操作，移位操作等各種函數
以下的表格顯示了常用的按位運算：
| 函數 | 目的/作用 |
|---|---|
| bitand(a, b) | Bit-wise AND of integers a and b |
| bitcmp(a) | Bit-wise complement of a |
| bitget(a,pos) | Get bit at specified position pos, in the integer array a |
| bitor(a, b) | Bit-wise OR of integers a and b |
| bitset(a, pos) | Set bit at specific location pos of a |
| bitshift(a, k) | Returns a shifted to the left by k bits, equivalent to multiplying by 2k. Negative values of k correspond to shifting bits right or dividing by 2|k| and rounding to the nearest integer towards negative infinite. Any overflow bits are truncated. |
| bitxor(a, b) | Bit-wise XOR of integers a and b |
| swapbytes | Swap byte ordering |
集合操作符
MATLAB提供各種功能集合運算，如集，交集和測試組成員等。
下表顯示了一些常用的設置操作：
| 函數 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| intersect(A,B) | Set intersection of two arrays; returns the values common to both A and B. The values returned are in sorted order. |
| intersect(A,B,'rows') | Treats each row of A and each row of B as single entities and returns the rows common to both A and B. The rows of the returned matrix are in sorted order. |
| ismember(A,B) | Returns an array the same size as A, containing 1 (true) where the elements of A are found in B. Elsewhere, it returns 0 (false). |
| ismember(A,B,'rows') | Treats each row of A and each row of B as single entities and returns a vector containing 1 (true) where the rows of matrix A are also rows of B. Elsewhere, it returns 0 (false). |
| issorted(A) | Returns logical 1 (true) if the elements of A are in sorted order and logical 0 (false) otherwise. Input A can be a vector or an N-by-1 or 1-by-N cell array of strings. A is considered to be sorted if A and the output of sort(A) are equal. |
| issorted(A, 'rows') | Returns logical 1 (true) if the rows of two-dimensional matrix A are in sorted order, and logical 0 (false) otherwise. Matrix A is considered to be sorted if A and the output of sortrows(A) are equal. |
| setdiff(A,B) | Set difference of two arrays; returns the values in A that are not in B. The values in the returned array are in sorted order. |
| setdiff(A,B,'rows') |
Treats each row of A and each row of B as single entities and returns the rows from A that are not in B. The rows of the returned matrix are in sorted order.
The 'rows' option does not support cell arrays. |
| setxor | Set exclusive OR of two arrays |
| union | Set union of two arrays |
| unique | Unique values in array |
