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MATLAB冒號符號

冒號(:)是最有用的運算符在MATLAB之一。它是用來創建矢量,下標數組和指定的迭代。

如果想創建一個行向量,包含從1到10的整數,如下:

1:10

MATLAB執行該語句,並返回一個行向量,包含從1到10的整數:

ans =
     1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9    10

如果想指定以外的一個增量值,例如:

100: -5: 50

MATLAB執行該語句,並返回以下結果:

ans =
   100    95    90    85    80    75    70    65    60    55    50

讓我們再舉一個例子:

0:pi/8:pi

MATLAB執行該語句,並返回以下結果:

ans =
  Columns 1 through 7
         0    0.3927    0.7854    1.1781    1.5708    1.9635    2.3562
  Columns 8 through 9
    2.7489    3.1416

可以使用冒號運算符來創建矢量指數選擇行,列或數組中的元素。

下表描述了其用於此目的(讓我們有一個矩陣A):

格式 目的
A(:,j) is the jth column of A.
A(i,:) is the ith row of A.
A(:,:) is the equivalent two-dimensional array. For matrices this is the same as A.
A(j:k) is A(j), A(j+1),...,A(k).
A(:,j:k) is A(:,j), A(:,j+1),...,A(:,k).
A(:,:,k) is the kth page of three-dimensional array A.
A(i,j,k,:) is a vector in four-dimensional array A. The vector includes A(i,j,k,1), A(i,j,k,2), A(i,j,k,3), and so on.
A(:) is all the elements of A, regarded as a single column. On the left side of an assignment statement, A(:) fills A, preserving its shape from before. In this case, the right side must contain the same number of elements as A.

例子

創建一個腳本文件,並鍵入下麵的代碼:

A = [1 2 3 4; 4 5 6 7; 7 8 9 10]
A(:,2)      % second column of A
A(:,2:3)    % second and third column of A
A(2:3,2:3)  % second and third rows and second and third columns

當您運行該文件,它會顯示以下結果:

A =
     1     2     3     4
     4     5     6     7
     7     8     9    10

ans =
     2
     5
     8

ans =
     2     3
     5     6
     8     9

ans =
     5     6
     8     9