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MVC框架 - 高級示例

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在第一個MVC教學章中，我們學會了如何在MVC控製器和視圖進行交互。在本教學中，我們將向前更進一步，學習如何使用模型創建高級應用程序來創建，編輯，刪除用戶，在我們的應用程序中查看列表。

下麵是用來創建高級MVC應用程序的步驟

第1步：選擇 File->New->Project->ASP.NET MVC Web應用. 並命名為：AdvancedMVCApplication. 單擊確定。在接下來的窗口中，選擇模板作為互聯網應用程序和視圖引擎為Razor。注意，我們這個時候使用的是模板，而不是一個空的應用程序。

mvc_new_internet_project

這將創建一個新的解決方案的項目，如下圖所示。由於我們使用的是默認的ASP.NET主題，它帶有樣本視圖，控製器，模型和其他文件。

mvc_model_view_controller

構建解決方案，並運行應用程序，看看它的默認輸出，如下：

mvc_sample_internet_application

第2步：我們將增加一個新的模式，將定義的用戶數據結構。右鍵單擊Models文件夾，然後點擊 Add->Class. 命名為UserModel，然後單擊Add。

mvc_add_model_step_1

 

mvc_add_model_step_2

第3步：現在將以下代碼複製到新創建的UserModel.cs：

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
using System.Web.Mvc.Html;

namespace AdvancedMVCApplication.Models
{
    public class UserModels
    {
        [Required]
        public int Id { get; set; }
        [DisplayName("First Name")]
        [Required(ErrorMessage = "First name is required")]
        public string FirstName { get; set; }

        [Required]
        public string LastName { get; set; }
        
        public string Address { get; set; }
        
        [Required]
        [StringLength(50)]
        public string Email { get; set; }
        
        [DataType(DataType.Date)]
        public DateTime DOB { get; set; }
        
        [Range(100,1000000)]
        public decimal Salary { get; set; }
    }
}

在上麵的代碼中，我們指定的用戶模型驗證所有的參數，其數據類型和如所需的字段和長度。

第4步：現在，我們有用戶模型準備保存數據，現在創建一個類文件Users.cs 其中將包含用於查看用戶，添加，編輯和刪除用戶的方法。右鍵單擊模型，然後單擊 Add->Class. 命名為：Users. 這將創建users.cs類在Models內部。

複製下麵的代碼到users.cs類。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.EnterpriseServices;

namespace AdvancedMVCApplication.Models
{
    public class Users
    {
        public List UserList = new List();

        //action to get user details
        public UserModels GetUser(int id)
        {
            UserModels usrMdl = null;

            foreach (UserModels um in UserList)
                if (um.Id == id)
                    usrMdl = um;
            return usrMdl;
        }

        //action to create new user
        public void CreateUser(UserModels userModel)
        {
            UserList.Add(userModel);
        }

        //action to udpate existing user
        public void UpdateUser(UserModels userModel)
        {
            foreach (UserModels usrlst in UserList)
            {
                if (usrlst.Id == userModel.Id)
                {
                    usrlst.Address = userModel.Address;
                    usrlst.DOB = userModel.DOB;
                    usrlst.Email = userModel.Email;
                    usrlst.FirstName = userModel.FirstName;
                    usrlst.LastName = userModel.LastName;
                    usrlst.Salary = userModel.Salary;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        //action to delete exising user
        public void DeleteUser(UserModels userModel)
        {
            foreach (UserModels usrlst in UserList)
            {
                if (usrlst.Id == userModel.Id)
                {
                    UserList.Remove(usrlst);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
} 

第5步：一旦我們有UserModel.cs和Users.cs，將增加瀏覽模型查看，添加，編輯和刪除用戶。首先，讓我們創建一個視圖用來創建用戶。右鍵單擊Views文件夾，然後點擊 Add->View.

mvc_advanced_add_view

在接下來的窗口中，選擇視圖名稱為UserAdd，視圖引擎為Razor，並選擇創建一個強類型的視圖複選框。

mvc_advanced_user_add_view

單擊添加。在默認情況下這將創建下列CSHML代碼，如下所示：

@model AdvancedMVCApplication.Models.UserModels

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "UserAdd";
}

<h2>UserAdd</h2>

@using (Html.BeginForm()) {
    @Html.ValidationSummary(true)

    <fieldset>
        <legend>UserModels</legend>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.FirstName)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.FirstName)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.FirstName)
        </div>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.LastName)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.LastName)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.LastName)
        </div>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Address)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Address)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Address)
        </div>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email)
        </div>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.DOB)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.DOB)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.DOB)
        </div>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Salary)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Salary)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Salary)
        </div>

        <p>
            <input type="submit" value="Create" />
        </p>
    </fieldset>
}

<div>
    @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")
</div>

@section Scripts {
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval")
}

正如所看到的，這個視圖包含字段的所有屬性信息的驗證消息，標簽等，此視圖在我們最終的應用程序看起來像這樣：

mvc_advanced_application_1

類似UserAdd,，現在我們將增加如下四個視圖代碼：

Index.cshtml

該視圖將顯示所有存在於我們的係統中的用戶在Index頁麵上。

@model IEnumerable<AdvancedMVCApplication.Models.UserModels>

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Index";
}

<h2>Index</h2>

<p>
    @Html.ActionLink("Create New", "UserAdd")
</p>
<table>
    <tr>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.FirstName)
        </th>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.LastName)
        </th>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Address)
        </th>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Email)
        </th>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.DOB)
        </th>
        <th>
            @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Salary)
        </th>
        <th></th>
    </tr>

@foreach (var item in Model) {
    <tr>
        <td>
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.FirstName)
        </td>
        <td>
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.LastName)
        </td>
        <td>
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Address)
        </td>
        <td>
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Email)
        </td>
        <td>
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.DOB)
        </td>
        <td>
            @Html.DisplayFor(modelItem => item.Salary)
        </td>
        <td>
            @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=item.Id }) |
            @Html.ActionLink("Details", "Details", new { id=item.Id }) |
            @Html.ActionLink("Delete", "Delete", new { id=item.Id })
        </td>
    </tr>
}

</table>

此視圖在我們最終的應用程序看起來如下：

mvc_advanced_application_2

Details.cshtml:

此視圖將顯示特定用戶的詳細信息，當我們點擊用戶記錄。

@model AdvancedMVCApplication.Models.UserModels

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Details";
}

<h2>Details</h2>

<fieldset>
    <legend>UserModels</legend>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.FirstName)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.FirstName)
    </div>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.LastName)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.LastName)
    </div>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Address)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Address)
    </div>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Email)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Email)
    </div>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.DOB)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.DOB)
    </div>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Salary)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Salary)
    </div>
</fieldset>
<p>
    @Html.ActionLink("Edit", "Edit", new { id=Model.Id }) |
    @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")
</p>

此視圖在我們最終的應用程序看起來像這樣：

mvc_advanced_application_details

Edit.cshtml:

這視圖將顯示現有用戶的詳細信息的編輯表單。

@model AdvancedMVCApplication.Models.UserModels

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Edit";
}

<h2>Edit</h2>

@using (Html.BeginForm()) {
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    @Html.ValidationSummary(true)

    <fieldset>
        <legend>UserModels</legend>

        @Html.HiddenFor(model => model.Id)

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.FirstName)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.FirstName)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.FirstName)
        </div>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.LastName)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.LastName)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.LastName)
        </div>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Address)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Address)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Address)
        </div>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Email)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Email)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Email)
        </div>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.DOB)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.DOB)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.DOB)
        </div>

        <div class="editor-label">
            @Html.LabelFor(model => model.Salary)
        </div>
        <div class="editor-field">
            @Html.EditorFor(model => model.Salary)
            @Html.ValidationMessageFor(model => model.Salary)
        </div>

        <p>
            <input type="submit" value="Save" />
        </p>
    </fieldset>
}

<div>
    @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")
</div>

@section Scripts {
    @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval")
}

此視圖在我們的應用程序看起來如下：

mvc_advanced_application_details_edit

Delete.cshtml:

此視圖將顯示窗體用於刪除現有用戶。

@model AdvancedMVCApplication.Models.UserModels

@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Delete";
}
<h2>Delete</h2>

<h3>Are you sure you want to delete this?</h3>
<fieldset>
    <legend>UserModels</legend>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.FirstName)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.FirstName)
    </div>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.LastName)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.LastName)
    </div>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Address)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Address)
    </div>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Email)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Email)
    </div>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.DOB)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.DOB)
    </div>

    <div class="display-label">
         @Html.DisplayNameFor(model => model.Salary)
    </div>
    <div class="display-field">
        @Html.DisplayFor(model => model.Salary)
    </div>
</fieldset>
@using (Html.BeginForm()) {
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    <p>
        <input type="submit" value="Delete" /> |
        @Html.ActionLink("Back to List", "Index")
    </p>
}

此視圖在我們最終的應用程序看起來像這樣：

mvc_advanced_application_details_delete

第6步：我們已經增加模型和視圖在應用程序中。現在添加一個控製器，用於視圖。 右鍵單擊Controllers文件夾，然後點擊 Add->Controller. 命名為： UserController.

mvc_advanced_add_controller

默認情況下，控製器類將用下麵的代碼來創建：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using AdvancedMVCApplication.Models;

namespace AdvancedMVCApplication.Controllers
{
   public class UserController : Controller
    {
        private static Users _users = new Users();
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(_users.UserList);
        }
    }
}

在上麵的代碼中，Index方法將在呈現用戶列表在Index頁麵上。

第6步：右鍵單擊Index方法，並選擇創建視圖來創建Index頁麵視圖（其中會列出所有用戶，並提供選項來創建新的用戶）。

mvc_advanced_add_index_view

第7步：現在添加以下代碼UserController.cs。在這段代碼中，我們創建操作方法針對不同的用戶操作，返回之前創建相應的視圖。

我們將添加兩個方法為每個操作：GET和POST。當獲取數據時，其HttpGet被使用。HttpPost將用於創建/更新數據。例如，當我們要添加新用戶，需要一個表單來添加用戶，這是一個GET操作。當我們填寫表格，並提交這些值，需要使用POST方法。

//Action for Index View 
public ActionResult Index()
{
    return View(_users.UserList);
}

//Action for UserAdd View
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult UserAdd()
{
    return View();
}
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult UserAdd(UserModels userModel)
{
    _users.CreateUser(userModel);
    return View("Index", _users.UserList);
}

//Action for Details View
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult Details(int id)
{
    return View(_users.UserList.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id));
}
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Details()
{
    return View("Index", _users.UserList);
}

//Action for Edit View
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult Edit(int id)
{
    return View(_users.UserList.FirstOrDefault(x=>x.Id==id));
}
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Edit(UserModels userModel)
{
    _users.UpdateUser(userModel);
    return View("Index", _users.UserList);
}
       
//Action for Delete View
[HttpGet]
public ActionResult Delete(int id)
{
    return View(_users.UserList.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id));
}
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult Delete(UserModels userModel)
{
    _users.DeleteUser(userModel);
    return View("Index", _users.UserList);
} sers.UserList);
}

第8步：最後要做的就是到App_Start文件夾找到RouteConfig.cs文件，並更改默認的控製器。

defaults: new { controller = "User", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } 

第9步：下麵是高級應用示例程序啟動和運行。現在運行應用程序。將能夠看到這樣的應用程序，並可以執行添加，查看，編輯，刪除用戶，因為在前麵的截圖已經看到了所有功能。

mvc_advanced_add_index_final
 


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