本章將教你如何使用Struts2應用程序發送電子郵件(Email)。在本練習中,您需要mail.jar的JavaMail API 1.4.4下載並安裝在你的WEB-INF\lib文件夾,並把mail.jar文件,然後繼續遵循的標準步驟創建動作,視圖和配置文件。
下一個步驟是創建的操作方法負責發送電子郵件。讓我們創建一個新類叫Emailer.java包含以下內容。
package com.tutorialspoint.struts2; import java.util.Properties; import javax.mail.Message; import javax.mail.PasswordAuthentication; import javax.mail.Session; import javax.mail.Transport; import javax.mail.internet.InternetAddress; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport; public class Emailer extends ActionSupport { private String from; private String password; private String to; private String subject; private String body; static Properties properties = new Properties(); static { properties.put("mail.smtp.host", "smtp.gmail.com"); properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.port", "465"); properties.put("mail.smtp.socketFactory.class", "javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory"); properties.put("mail.smtp.auth", "true"); properties.put("mail.smtp.port", "465"); } public String execute() { String ret = SUCCESS; try { Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties, new javax.mail.Authenticator() { protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() { return new PasswordAuthentication(from, password); }}); Message message = new MimeMessage(session); message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); message.setRecipients(Message.RecipientType.TO, InternetAddress.parse(to)); message.setSubject(subject); message.setText(body); Transport.send(message); } catch(Exception e) { ret = ERROR; e.printStackTrace(); } return ret; } public String getFrom() { return from; } public void setFrom(String from) { this.from = from; } public String getPassword() { return password; } public void setPassword(String password) { this.password = password; } public String getTo() { return to; } public void setTo(String to) { this.to = to; } public String getSubject() { return subject; } public void setSubject(String subject) { this.subject = subject; } public String getBody() { return body; } public void setBody(String body) { this.body = body; } public static Properties getProperties() { return properties; } public static void setProperties(Properties properties) { Emailer.properties = properties; } }
正如在上麵的源代碼中看到中,Emailer.java有下麵給出的email.jsp頁的形式中的屬性相對應的屬性。這些屬性是
from - 發送者的電子郵件地址。由於我們使用的是穀歌的SMTP,我們需要一個有效的gtalk ID
password - 上述帳戶的密碼
to - 誰發送的電子郵件?
Subject - 該電子郵件的主題
body - 實際的電子郵件消息
我們有冇有考慮過上述領域的任何驗證,驗證將被添加在接下來的一章。現在讓我們看看execute()方法。 execute()方法使用的javax郵件庫發送電子郵件使用提供的參數。如果郵件被發送成功,動作返回"SUCCESS",否則返回"ERROR"。
讓我們寫主JSP文件index.jsp,這將被用來收集電子郵件相關的上述信息:
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=gbk" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Email Form - www.gitbook.net</title> </head> <body> <em>The form below uses Google's SMTP server. So you need to enter a gmail username and password </em> <form action="emailer" method="post"> <label for="from">From</label><br/> <input type="text" name="from"/><br/> <label for="password">Password</label><br/> <input type="password" name="password"/><br/> <label for="to">To</label><br/> <input type="text" name="to"/><br/> <label for="subject">Subject</label><br/> <input type="text" name="subject"/><br/> <label for="body">Body</label><br/> <input type="text" name="body"/><br/> <input type="submit" value="Send Email"/> </form> </body> </html>
我們將使用JSP文件的success.jsp將被調用的情況下動作返回“SUCCESS”,但返回的動作,我們將有另一種觀點認為文件中的錯誤的情況下。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Email Success</title> </head> <body> Your email to <s:property value="to"/> was sent successfully. </body> </html>
下麵將視圖文件error.jsp的錯誤的情況下返回的動作。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%> <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html> <head> <title>Email Error</title> </head> <body> There is a problem sending your email to <s:property value="to"/>. </body> </html>
現在,讓我們把一切融合在一起使用struts.xml中的配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd"> <struts> <constant name="struts.devMode" value="true" /> <package name="helloworld" extends="struts-default"> <action name="emailer" class="com.tutorialspoint.struts2.Emailer" method="execute"> <result name="success">/success.jsp</result> <result name="error">/error.jsp</result> </action> </package> </struts>
以下是web.xml文件中的內容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>Struts 2</display-name> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> <filter> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <filter-class> org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher </filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>struts2</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> </web-app>
現在,右鍵點擊項目名稱,並單擊“導出”> WAR文件創建一個WAR文件。然後,這WAR部署在Tomcat的webapps目錄下。最後,啟動Tomcat服務器,並嘗試訪問URL http://localhost:8080/HelloWorldStruts2/index.jsp。這會給你以下畫麵:
輸入所需信息,然後單擊“Send Email”按鈕。如果一切順利,那麼你應該看到下麵的頁麵
end over.