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SQLite 命令

本章將介紹 SQLite 編程人員所使用的簡單而有用的命令。這些命令被稱為SQLite 的點命令,這些命令的異常並是,他們不被終止分號(;)。

讓我們開始鍵入一個簡單的 sqlite3 命令在命令提示符下,將提供 SQLite 的命令提示符,會發出各種SQLite 命令。

$sqlite3
SQLite version 3.3.6
Enter ".help" for instructions
sqlite>

可用的點命令的清單,可以在任何時間".help" 進入。例如:

sqlite>.help

上麵的命令會顯示一個列表,各種重要的 SQLite 點命令,如下:

命令 描述
.backup ?DB? FILE Backup DB (default "main") to FILE
.bail ON|OFF Stop after hitting an error. Default OFF
.databases List names and files of attached databases
.dump ?TABLE? Dump the database in an SQL text format. If TABLE specified, only dump tables matching LIKE pattern TABLE.
.echo ON|OFF Turn command echo on or off
.exit Exit SQLite prompt
.explain ON|OFF Turn output mode suitable for EXPLAIN on or off. With no args, it turns EXPLAIN on.
.header(s) ON|OFF Turn display of headers on or off
.help Show this message
.import FILE TABLE Import data from FILE into TABLE
.indices ?TABLE? Show names of all indices. If TABLE specified, only show indices for tables matching LIKE pattern TABLE.
.load FILE ?ENTRY? Load an extension library
.log FILE|off Turn logging on or off. FILE can be stderr/stdout
.mode MODE Set output mode where MODE is one of:
  • csv Comma-separated values

  • column Left-aligned columns.

  • html HTML <table> code

  • insert SQL insert statements for TABLE

  • line One value per line

  • list Values delimited by .separator string

  • tabs Tab-separated values

  • tcl TCL list elements

.nullvalue STRING Print STRING in place of NULL values
.output FILENAME Send output to FILENAME
.output stdout Send output to the screen
.print STRING... Print literal STRING
.prompt MAIN CONTINUE Replace the standard prompts
.quit Exit SQLite prompt
.read FILENAME Execute SQL in FILENAME
.schema ?TABLE? Show the CREATE statements. If TABLE specified, only show tables matching LIKE pattern TABLE.
.separator STRING Change separator used by output mode and .import
.show Show the current values for various settings
.stats ON|OFF Turn stats on or off
.tables ?PATTERN? List names of tables matching a LIKE pattern
.timeout MS Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds
.width NUM NUM Set column widths for "column" mode
.timer ON|OFF Turn the CPU timer measurement on or off

讓我們嘗試  .show 命令可以看到默認設置SQLite 命令提示符。

sqlite>.show
     echo: off
  explain: off
  headers: off
     mode: column
nullvalue: ""
   output: stdout
separator: "|"
    width:
sqlite>
確保sqlite> 提示符點命令之間冇有空格,否則將無法正常工作。

格式化輸出

您可以使用下麵的序列點命令格式化輸出的方式在本教學中,以下已經列出:

sqlite>.header on
sqlite>.mode column
sqlite>.timer on
sqlite>

以上設置將產生以下格式輸出:

ID          NAME        AGE         ADDRESS     SALARY
----------  ----------  ----------  ----------  ----------
1           Paul        32          California  20000.0
2           Allen       25          Texas       15000.0
3           Teddy       23          Norway      20000.0
4           Mark        25          Rich-Mond   65000.0
5           David       27          Texas       85000.0
6           Kim         22          South-Hall  45000.0
7           James       24          Houston     10000.0
CPU Time: user 0.000000 sys 0.000000

sqlite_master 表格

主表中保存數據庫表的關鍵信息,並它被稱為 sqlite_master。可以看到它的模式如下:

sqlite>.schema sqlite_master

這將產生以下結果:

CREATE TABLE sqlite_master (
  type text,
  name text,
  tbl_name text,
  rootpage integer,
  sql text
);