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SQL表達式

表達式是一個或多個值,運算符和SQL函數計算結果的值的組合。

SQL表達式與公式相似,他們編寫查詢語言。您也可以使用它們來查詢數據庫中的特定的數據集。

語法

考慮SELECT語句的基本語法如下:

SELECT column1, column2, columnN 
FROM table_name 
WHERE [CONDITION|EXPRESSION];

有不同類型的SQL表達式,其中可提到如下麵:

SQL - 布爾表達式:

SQL布爾表達式提取匹配單個值為基礎的數據。下麵是語法:

SELECT column1, column2, columnN 
FROM table_name 
WHERE SINGLE VALUE MATCHTING EXPRESSION;

考慮CUSTOMERS表具有以下記錄:

SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS;
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME     | AGE | ADDRESS   | SALARY   |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
|  1 | Ramesh   |  32 | Ahmedabad |  2000.00 |
|  2 | Khilan   |  25 | Delhi     |  1500.00 |
|  3 | kaushik  |  23 | Kota      |  2000.00 |
|  4 | Chaitali |  25 | Mumbai    |  6500.00 |
|  5 | Hardik   |  27 | Bhopal    |  8500.00 |
|  6 | Komal    |  22 | MP        |  4500.00 |
|  7 | Muffy    |  24 | Indore    | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

下麵是簡單的例子,顯示SQL布爾表達式的用法:

SQL> SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE SALARY = 10000;
+----+-------+-----+---------+----------+
| ID | NAME  | AGE | ADDRESS | SALARY   |
+----+-------+-----+---------+----------+
|  7 | Muffy |  24 | Indore  | 10000.00 |
+----+-------+-----+---------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SQL - 數字表達式:

這個表達式用來在任何查詢執行任何數學運算。下麵是語法:

SELECT numerical_expression as  OPERATION_NAME
[FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION] ;

這裡數值表達式被用於數學表達式或任何公式。 下麵是一個簡單的例子,顯示SQL數字表達式的用法:

SQL> SELECT (15 + 6) AS ADDITION
+----------+
| ADDITION |
+----------+
|       21 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

還有像一些內置函數avg(), sum(), count()等,執行了被稱為數據計算對表或特定的表列集合體。

SQL> SELECT COUNT(*) AS "RECORDS" FROM CUSTOMERS; 
+---------+
| RECORDS |
+---------+
|       7 |
+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

SQL - 日期表達式:

日期表達式返回當前係統日期和時間值:

SQL>  SELECT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP;
+---------------------+
| Current_Timestamp   |
+---------------------+
| 2009-11-12 06:40:23 |
+---------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

另一個日期表達式如下:

SQL>  SELECT  GETDATE();;
+-------------------------+
| GETDATE                 |
+-------------------------+
| 2009-10-22 12:07:18.140 |
+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)