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SQL EXCEPT子句

SQL EXCEPT子句/操作符用於合並兩個SELECT語句,並從那些冇有被第二個SELECT語句返回的第一個SELECT語句返回行。這意味著EXCEPT僅返回行,在第二個SELECT語句不可用。

正如使用UNION操作,同樣的規則時,使用EXCEPT操作符適用。MySQL不支持EXCEPT運算符。

語法

EXCEPT基本的語法如下:

SELECT column1 [, column2 ]
FROM table1 [, table2 ]
[WHERE condition]

EXCEPT

SELECT column1 [, column2 ]
FROM table1 [, table2 ]
[WHERE condition]

在這裡,給定的條件可能是根據您的需要給定任意的表達。

例子:

考慮下麵的兩個表中,(a)CUSTOMERS表如下:

+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
| ID | NAME     | AGE | ADDRESS   | SALARY   |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+
|  1 | Ramesh   |  32 | Ahmedabad |  2000.00 |
|  2 | Khilan   |  25 | Delhi     |  1500.00 |
|  3 | kaushik  |  23 | Kota      |  2000.00 |
|  4 | Chaitali |  25 | Mumbai    |  6500.00 |
|  5 | Hardik   |  27 | Bhopal    |  8500.00 |
|  6 | Komal    |  22 | MP        |  4500.00 |
|  7 | Muffy    |  24 | Indore    | 10000.00 |
+----+----------+-----+-----------+----------+

(b)另一個ORDERS表如下:

+-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+
|OID  | DATE                | CUSTOMER_ID | AMOUNT |
+-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+
| 102 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |           3 |   3000 |
| 100 | 2009-10-08 00:00:00 |           3 |   1500 |
| 101 | 2009-11-20 00:00:00 |           2 |   1560 |
| 103 | 2008-05-20 00:00:00 |           4 |   2060 |
+-----+---------------------+-------------+--------+

現在,讓我們在SELECT語句中加入這兩個表如下:

SQL> SELECT  ID, NAME, AMOUNT, DATE
     FROM CUSTOMERS
     LEFT JOIN ORDERS
     ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID
EXCEPT
     SELECT  ID, NAME, AMOUNT, DATE
     FROM CUSTOMERS
     RIGHT JOIN ORDERS
     ON CUSTOMERS.ID = ORDERS.CUSTOMER_ID;

這將產生以下結果:

+----+---------+--------+---------------------+
| ID | NAME    | AMOUNT | DATE                |
+----+---------+--------+---------------------+
|  1 | Ramesh  |   NULL | NULL                |
|  5 | Hardik  |   NULL | NULL                |
|  6 | Komal   |   NULL | NULL                |
|  7 | Muffy   |   NULL | NULL                |
+----+---------+--------+---------------------+