Java發送Email/郵件
使用Java應用程序發送郵件是很簡單的,需要安裝JavaMail API 和Java Activation Framework (JAF) 在機器上。
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可以從Java的標準網站上下載JavaMail(版本1.2)的最新版本。
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可以從Java的標準網站下載最新版本的JAF(版本1.1.1)。
下載並解壓縮這些文件,在新創建的頂層目錄,會發現一些jar文件應用。需要添加了mail.jar和activation.jar文件在CLASSPATH中。
發送一個簡單的E-mail:
下麵是一個例子,從機器發送一個簡單的電子郵件。這裡假設你的電腦已經可以連接到互聯網,並有足夠的能力來發送電子郵件。
// File Name SendEmail.java import java.util.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; public class SendEmail { public static void main(String [] args) { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); try{ // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Now set the actual message message.setText("This is actual message"); // Send message Transport.send(message); System.out.println("Sent message successfully...."); }catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } } }
編譯並運行這個程序發送一個簡單的電子郵件:
$ java SendEmail Sent message successfully....
如果想發送電子郵件給多個收件人,然後下麵的方法將被用來指定多個電子郵件標識:
void addRecipients(Message.RecipientType type, Address[] addresses) throws MessagingException
這裡的參數的說明:
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type: 這將被設定為TO,CC或BCC。在這裡,CC代表抄送和BCC代表黑抄送。例子Message.RecipientType.TO
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addresses: 這是電子郵件的ID的數組。需要使用InternetAddress() 方法,同時指定電子郵件ID
Send an HTML E-mail:
下麵是一個例子,從機器發送的HTML電子郵件。這裡假設你的本地主機連接到互聯網,並有足夠的能力來發送電子郵件。
這個例子非常相似,前一個,除了在這裡我們使用的是使用setContent()方法來設置內容的第二個參數是"text/html"類型指定的HTML內容被包含在消息中。
通過這個例子,可以發送大如喜歡HTML內容。
// File Name SendHTMLEmail.java import java.util.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; public class SendHTMLEmail { public static void main(String [] args) { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); try{ // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Send the actual HTML message, as big as you like message.setContent("<h1>This is actual message</h1>", "text/html" ); // Send message Transport.send(message); System.out.println("Sent message successfully...."); }catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } } }
編譯並運行這個程序來發送HTML電子郵件:
$ java SendHTMLEmail Sent message successfully....
發送附件的電子郵件:
下麵是一個例子與附件從機器發送電子郵件。這裡假設你的本地主機連接到互聯網,並有足夠的能力來發送電子郵件。
// File Name SendFileEmail.java import java.util.*; import javax.mail.*; import javax.mail.internet.*; import javax.activation.*; public class SendFileEmail { public static void main(String [] args) { // Recipient's email ID needs to be mentioned. String to = "abcd@gmail.com"; // Sender's email ID needs to be mentioned String from = "web@gmail.com"; // Assuming you are sending email from localhost String host = "localhost"; // Get system properties Properties properties = System.getProperties(); // Setup mail server properties.setProperty("mail.smtp.host", host); // Get the default Session object. Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(properties); try{ // Create a default MimeMessage object. MimeMessage message = new MimeMessage(session); // Set From: header field of the header. message.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from)); // Set To: header field of the header. message.addRecipient(Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to)); // Set Subject: header field message.setSubject("This is the Subject Line!"); // Create the message part BodyPart messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); // Fill the message messageBodyPart.setText("This is message body"); // Create a multipar message Multipart multipart = new MimeMultipart(); // Set text message part multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart); // Part two is attachment messageBodyPart = new MimeBodyPart(); String filename = "file.txt"; DataSource source = new FileDataSource(filename); messageBodyPart.setDataHandler(new DataHandler(source)); messageBodyPart.setFileName(filename); multipart.addBodyPart(messageBodyPart); // Send the complete message parts message.setContent(multipart ); // Send message Transport.send(message); System.out.println("Sent message successfully...."); }catch (MessagingException mex) { mex.printStackTrace(); } } }
編譯並運行這個程序來發送HTML電子郵件:
$ java SendFileEmail Sent message successfully....
用戶認證部分:
如果需要提供用戶ID和密碼的電子郵件服務器進行身份驗證的目的,那麼可以按如下方法設置這些屬性:
props.setProperty("mail.user", "myuser"); props.setProperty("mail.password", "mypwd");
郵件發送機製的其餘部分將繼續如上麵所述。