Go語言切片
Go編程切片是一種抽象了Go編程數組。由於Go編程數組允許您定義的變量,可容納同類的幾個數據項類型,但它不提供任何內置的方法來動態地增加它的大小或得到一個子數組自身。切片覆蓋這一限製。它提供了數組所需的多種效用函數,被廣泛應用在Go編程。
定義切片
要定義一個切片,你可以聲明它作為一個數組時,不需要指定大小或使用make函數來創建。
var numbers []int /* a slice of unspecified size */ /* numbers == []int{0,0,0,0,0}*/ numbers = make([]int,5,5) /* a slice of length 5 and capacity 5*/
len() 和 cap() 函數
由於切片是一種抽象數組。它實際上使用數組作為底層structure.len()函數返回的元素呈現在cap()函數返回切片作為多少元素,它可以容納的容量的切片。以下為例子來解釋片的使用:
package main import "fmt" func main { var numbers = make([]int,3,5) printSlice(numbers) } func printSlice(x []int){ fmt.printf("len=%d cap=%d slice=%v\n",len(x),cap(x),x) }
當上述代碼被編譯和執行時,它產生了以下結果:
len=3 cap=5 slice=[0 0 0]
Nil 切片
如果一個切片,冇有輸入默認聲明,它被初始化為為nil。其長度和容量都為零。下麵是一個例子:
package main import "fmt" func main { var numbers []int printSlice(numbers) if(numbers == nil){ fmt.printf("slice is nil") } } func printSlice(x []int){ fmt.printf("len=%d cap=%d slice=%v\n",len(x),cap(x),x) }
當上述代碼被編譯和執行時,它產生了以下結果:
len=0 cap=0 slice=[] slice is nil
子切片
切片允許設置下限和上限進行指定,以得到它使用的子片[下限:上限]。下麵是一個例子:
package main import "fmt" func main { /* create a slice */ numbers := []int{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8} printSlice(numbers) /* print the original slice */ fmt.Println("numbers ==", numbers) /* print the sub slice starting from index 1(included) to index 4(excluded)*/ fmt.Println("numbers[1:4] ==", numbers[1:4]) /* missing lower bound implies 0*/ fmt.Println("numbers[:3] ==", numbers[:3]) /* missing upper bound implies len(s)*/ fmt.Println("numbers[4:] ==", numbers[4:]) numbers1 := make([]int,0,5) printSlice(numbers1) /* print the sub slice starting from index 0(included) to index 2(excluded) */ number2 := numbers[:2] printSlice(number2) /* print the sub slice starting from index 2(included) to index 5(excluded) */ number3 := numbers[2:5] printSlice(number3) } func printSlice(x []int){ fmt.printf("len=%d cap=%d slice=%v\n",len(x),cap(x),x) }
當上述代碼被編譯和執行時,它產生了以下結果:
len=9 cap=9 slice=[0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8] numbers == [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8] numbers[1:4] == [1 2 3] numbers[:3] == [0 1 2] numbers[4:] == [4 5 6 7 8] len=0 cap=5 slice=[] len=2 cap=9 slice=[0 1] len=3 cap=7 slice=[2 3 4]
append() 和 copy() 函數
Slice允許增加使用切片的append()函數。使用copy()函數,源切片的內容複製到目標切片。下麵是一個例子:
package main import "fmt" func main { var numbers []int printSlice(numbers) /* append allows nil slice */ numbers = append(numbers, 0) printSlice(numbers) /* add one element to slice*/ numbers = append(numbers, 1) printSlice(numbers) /* add more than one element at a time*/ numbers = append(numbers, 2,3,4) printSlice(numbers) /* create a slice numbers1 with double the capacity of earlier slice*/ numbers1 := make([]int, len(numbers), (cap(numbers))*2) /* copy content of numbers to numbers1 */ copy(numbers1,numbers) printSlice(numbers1) } func printSlice(x []int){ fmt.printf("len=%d cap=%d slice=%v\n",len(x),cap(x),x) }
當上述代碼被編譯和執行時,它產生了以下結果:
len=0 cap=0 slice=[] len=1 cap=2 slice=[0] len=2 cap=2 slice=[0 1] len=5 cap=8 slice=[0 1 2 3 4] len=5 cap=16 slice=[0 1 2 3 4]