Spring注入集合
您已經看到了如何配置基本數據類型使用value屬性和使用<property>標簽的ref屬性在你的bean配置文件中的對象引用。這兩種情況下處理過單值到一個bean。
現在什麼樣,如果你想通過多元價值,如Java Collection類型List, Set, Map 及 Properties。要處理這種情況,Spring提供了四種類型的如下集合的配置元素:
元素 | 描述 |
---|---|
<list> | 這有助於注入值列表List配線,使重複。 |
<set> | 這有助於在配線的一組值,但不能重複。 |
<map> | 這可用於注入的名稱 - 值對,其中名稱和值可以是任何類型的集合。 |
<props> | 這可以用來注入的名稱 - 值對,其中名稱和值都是字符串的集合。 |
可以使用<list> 或<set> 來連接任何實現java.util.Collection或數組。
會遇到兩種情況(a)將收集的直接的值及(b)傳遞一個bean的引用作為集合的元素之一。
例子:
我們使用Eclipse IDE,然後按照下麵的步驟來創建一個Spring應用程序:
步驟 | 描述 |
---|---|
1 | Create a project with a name SpringExample and create a package com.yiibai under the src folder in the created project. |
2 | Add required Spring libraries using Add External JARs option as explained in the Spring Hello World Example chapter. |
3 | Create Java classes JavaCollection, and MainApp under the com.yiibai package. |
4 | Create Beans configuration file Beans.xml under the src folder. |
5 | The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and Bean Configuration file and run the application as explained below. |
這裡是JavaCollection.java文件的內容:
package com.yiibai; import java.util.*; public class JavaCollection { List addressList; Set addressSet; Map addressMap; Properties addressProp; // a setter method to set List public void setAddressList(List addressList) { this.addressList = addressList; } // prints and returns all the elements of the list. public List getAddressList() { System.out.println("List Elements :" + addressList); return addressList; } // a setter method to set Set public void setAddressSet(Set addressSet) { this.addressSet = addressSet; } // prints and returns all the elements of the Set. public Set getAddressSet() { System.out.println("Set Elements :" + addressSet); return addressSet; } // a setter method to set Map public void setAddressMap(Map addressMap) { this.addressMap = addressMap; } // prints and returns all the elements of the Map. public Map getAddressMap() { System.out.println("Map Elements :" + addressMap); return addressMap; } // a setter method to set Property public void setAddressProp(Properties addressProp) { this.addressProp = addressProp; } // prints and returns all the elements of the Property. public Properties getAddressProp() { System.out.println("Property Elements :" + addressProp); return addressProp; } }
以下是MainApp.java文件的內容:
package com.yiibai; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class MainApp { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml"); JavaCollection jc=(JavaCollection)context.getBean("javaCollection"); jc.getAddressList(); jc.getAddressSet(); jc.getAddressMap(); jc.getAddressProp(); } }
以下是配置文件beans.xml文件裡麵有配置的集合的所有類型:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- Definition for javaCollection --> <bean id="javaCollection" class="com.yiibai.JavaCollection"> <!-- results in a setAddressList(java.util.List) call --> <property name="addressList"> <list> <value>INDIA</value> <value>Pakistan</value> <value>USA</value> <value>USA</value> </list> </property> <!-- results in a setAddressSet(java.util.Set) call --> <property name="addressSet"> <set> <value>INDIA</value> <value>Pakistan</value> <value>USA</value> <value>USA</value> </set> </property> <!-- results in a setAddressMap(java.util.Map) call --> <property name="addressMap"> <map> <entry key="1" value="INDIA"/> <entry key="2" value="Pakistan"/> <entry key="3" value="USA"/> <entry key="4" value="USA"/> </map> </property> <!-- results in a setAddressProp(java.util.Properties) call --> <property name="addressProp"> <props> <prop key="one">INDIA</prop> <prop key="two">Pakistan</prop> <prop key="three">USA</prop> <prop key="four">USA</prop> </props> </property> </bean> </beans>
創建源代碼和bean配置文件完成後,讓我們運行應用程序。如果應用程序一切順利,這將打印以下信息:
List Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA, USA] Set Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA] Map Elements :{1=INDIA, 2=Pakistan, 3=USA, 4=USA} Property Elements :{two=Pakistan, one=INDIA, three=USA, four=USA}
注入Bean引用:
下麵bean定義將幫助您了解如何注入bean的引用作為集合的元素之一。甚至可以混合引用和值都在一起,如下圖所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <!-- Bean Definition to handle references and values --> <bean id="..." class="..."> <!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.List --> <property name="addressList"> <list> <ref bean="address1"/> <ref bean="address2"/> <value>Pakistan</value> </list> </property> <!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Set --> <property name="addressSet"> <set> <ref bean="address1"/> <ref bean="address2"/> <value>Pakistan</value> </set> </property> <!-- Passing bean reference for java.util.Map --> <property name="addressMap"> <map> <entry key="one" value="INDIA"/> <entry key ="two" value-ref="address1"/> <entry key ="three" value-ref="address2"/> </map> </property> </bean> </beans>
使用上麵的bean定義,需要定義這樣一種方式,他們應該能夠處理的參考,以及setter方法。
注入null和空字符串的值
如果需要傳遞一個空字符串作為值,如下所示:
<bean id="..." class="exampleBean"> <property name="email" value=""/> </bean>
前麵的例子等同於Java代碼: exampleBean.setEmail("")
如果需要傳遞一個null值,如下所示:
<bean id="..." class="exampleBean"> <property name="email"><null/></property> </bean>
前麵的例子等同於Java代碼:exampleBean.setEmail(null)