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Spring注入集合

您已經看到了如何配置基本數據類型使用value屬性和使用<property>標簽的ref屬性在你的bean配置文件中的對象引用。這兩種情況下處理過單值到一個bean。

現在什麼樣,如果你想通過多元價值,如Java Collection類型List, Set, Map 及 Properties。要處理這種情況,Spring提供了四種類型的如下集合的配置元素:

元素 描述
<list> 這有助於注入值列表List配線,使重複。
<set> 這有助於在配線的一組值,但不能重複。
<map> 這可用於注入的名稱 - 值對,其中名稱和值可以是任何類型的集合。
<props> 這可以用來注入的名稱 - 值對,其中名稱和值都是字符串的集合。

可以使用<list> 或<set> 來連接任何實現java.util.Collection或數組。

會遇到兩種情況(a)將收集的直接的值及(b)傳遞一個bean的引用作為集合的元素之一。

例子:

我們使用Eclipse IDE,然後按照下麵的步驟來創建一個Spring應用程序:

步驟 描述
1 Create a project with a name SpringExample and create a package com.yiibai under the src folder in the created project.
2 Add required Spring libraries using Add External JARs option as explained in the Spring Hello World Example chapter.
3 Create Java classes JavaCollection, and MainApp under the com.yiibai package.
4 Create Beans configuration file Beans.xml under the src folder.
5 The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and Bean Configuration file and run the application as explained below.

這裡是JavaCollection.java文件的內容:

package com.yiibai;
import java.util.*;

public class JavaCollection {
   List addressList;
   Set  addressSet;
   Map  addressMap;
   Properties addressProp;

   // a setter method to set List
   public void setAddressList(List addressList) {
      this.addressList = addressList;
   }
   // prints and returns all the elements of the list.
   public List getAddressList() {
      System.out.println("List Elements :"  + addressList);
      return addressList;
   }

   // a setter method to set Set
   public void setAddressSet(Set addressSet) {
      this.addressSet = addressSet;
   }

   // prints and returns all the elements of the Set.
   public Set getAddressSet() {
      System.out.println("Set Elements :"  + addressSet);
      return addressSet;
   }

   // a setter method to set Map
   public void setAddressMap(Map addressMap) {
      this.addressMap = addressMap;
   }
   // prints and returns all the elements of the Map.
   public Map getAddressMap() {
      System.out.println("Map Elements :"  + addressMap);
      return addressMap;
   }

   // a setter method to set Property
   public void setAddressProp(Properties addressProp) {
      this.addressProp = addressProp;
   }
   // prints and returns all the elements of the Property.
   public Properties getAddressProp() {
      System.out.println("Property Elements :"  + addressProp);
      return addressProp;
   }
}

以下是MainApp.java文件的內容:

package com.yiibai;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = 
             new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");

      JavaCollection jc=(JavaCollection)context.getBean("javaCollection");

      jc.getAddressList();
      jc.getAddressSet();
      jc.getAddressMap();
      jc.getAddressProp();
   }
}

以下是配置文件beans.xml文件裡麵有配置的集合的所有類型:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

   <!-- Definition for javaCollection -->
   <bean id="javaCollection" class="com.yiibai.JavaCollection">

      <!-- results in a setAddressList(java.util.List) call -->
      <property name="addressList">
        <list>
           <value>INDIA</value>
           <value>Pakistan</value>
           <value>USA</value>
           <value>USA</value>
        </list>
      </property>

     <!-- results in a setAddressSet(java.util.Set) call -->
     <property name="addressSet">
        <set>
           <value>INDIA</value>
           <value>Pakistan</value>
           <value>USA</value>
           <value>USA</value>
        </set>
      </property>

     <!-- results in a setAddressMap(java.util.Map) call -->
     <property name="addressMap">
        <map>
           <entry key="1" value="INDIA"/>
           <entry key="2" value="Pakistan"/>
           <entry key="3" value="USA"/>
           <entry key="4" value="USA"/>
        </map>
      </property>

     <!-- results in a setAddressProp(java.util.Properties) call -->
     <property name="addressProp">
        <props>
           <prop key="one">INDIA</prop>
           <prop key="two">Pakistan</prop>
           <prop key="three">USA</prop>
           <prop key="four">USA</prop>
        </props>
      </property>

   </bean>

</beans>

創建源代碼和bean配置文件完成後,讓我們運行應用程序。如果應用程序一切順利,這將打印以下信息:

List Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA, USA]
Set Elements :[INDIA, Pakistan, USA]
Map Elements :{1=INDIA, 2=Pakistan, 3=USA, 4=USA}
Property Elements :{two=Pakistan, one=INDIA, three=USA, four=USA}

注入Bean引用:

下麵bean定義將幫助您了解如何注入bean的引用作為集合的元素之一。甚至可以混合引用和值都在一起,如下圖所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">

   <!-- Bean Definition to handle references and values -->
   <bean id="..." class="...">

      <!-- Passing bean reference  for java.util.List -->
      <property name="addressList">
        <list>
           <ref bean="address1"/>
           <ref bean="address2"/>
           <value>Pakistan</value>
        </list>
      </property>

     <!-- Passing bean reference  for java.util.Set -->
     <property name="addressSet">
        <set>
           <ref bean="address1"/>
           <ref bean="address2"/>
           <value>Pakistan</value>
        </set>
      </property>

     <!-- Passing bean reference  for java.util.Map -->
     <property name="addressMap">
        <map>
           <entry key="one" value="INDIA"/>
           <entry key ="two" value-ref="address1"/>
           <entry key ="three" value-ref="address2"/>
        </map>
      </property>

   </bean>

</beans>

使用上麵的bean定義,需要定義這樣一種方式,他們應該能夠處理的參考,以及setter方法。

注入null和空字符串的值

如果需要傳遞一個空字符串作為值,如下所示:

<bean id="..." class="exampleBean">
   <property name="email" value=""/>
</bean>

前麵的例子等同於Java代碼: exampleBean.setEmail("")

如果需要傳遞一個null值,如下所示:

<bean id="..." class="exampleBean">
   <property name="email"><null/></property>
</bean>

前麵的例子等同於Java代碼:exampleBean.setEmail(null)