聲明式事務管理的方法可幫助您管理配置，而不是在源代碼中硬編碼的事務。這意味著，可以單獨從業務代碼事務管理。隻用注釋或基於XML配置來管理事務。bean的配置將指定的方法是事務性。以下是聲明性與事務相關的步驟：

• 我們使用<tx:advice/>標簽，這將創建我們定義了一個切入點匹配所有我們想做成事務，並引用其中的事務通知方法的事務並同時處理建議。

• 如果一個方法的名字已被列入事務配置，然後創建意見，將調用該方法之前開始交易。

• 目標方法將在一個try/ catch塊被執行。

• 如果方法正常完成，AOP的建議提交事務成功，否則執行回滾。

讓我們來看看為何上述步驟的工作，但在我們開始之前，它至少有兩個數據庫表上，我們可以用交易的幫助下執行各種CRUD操作是很重要的。讓我們以Student表，它可以在MySQL數據庫中測試用下麵的DDL創建：

CREATE TABLE Student(
   ID   INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
   NAME VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
   AGE  INT NOT NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

第二個表是Marks ，我們將保持標記為基於多年的學生。這裡SID是表Student的外鍵。

CREATE TABLE Marks(
   SID INT NOT NULL,
   MARKS  INT NOT NULL,
   YEAR   INT NOT NULL
);

現在我們編寫Spring JDBC應用程序，將實現Student和Marks表簡單的操作。使用Eclipse IDE，然後按照下麵的步驟來創建一個Spring應用程序：

步驟	描述
1	Create a project with a name SpringExample and create a package com.yiibai under the src folder in the created project.
2	Add required Spring libraries using Add External JARs option as explained in the Spring Hello World Example chapter.
3	Add other required libraries mysql-connector-java.jar, aopalliance-x.y.jar,org.springframework.jdbc.jar, and org.springframework.transaction.jar in the project. You can download required libraries if you do not have them already.
4	Create DAO interface StudentDAO and list down all the required methods. Though it is not required and you can directly write StudentJDBCTemplate class, but as a good practice, let's do it.
5	Create other required Java classes StudentMarks, StudentMarksMapper,StudentJDBCTemplate and MainApp under the com.yiibai package. You can create rest of the POJO classes if required.
6	Make sure you already created Student and Marks tables in TEST database. Also make sure your MySQL server is working fine and you have read/write access on the database using the given username and password.
7	Create Beans configuration file Beans.xml under the src folder.
8	The final step is to create the content of all the Java files and Bean Configuration file and run the application as explained below.

以下是數據訪問對象接口文件StudentDAO.java的內容：

package com.yiibai;

import java.util.List;
import javax.sql.DataSource;

public interface StudentDAO {
   /** 
    * This is the method to be used to initialize
    * database resources ie. connection.
    */
   public void setDataSource(DataSource ds);
   /** 
    * This is the method to be used to create
    * a record in the Student and Marks tables.
    */
   public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year);
   /** 
    * This is the method to be used to list down
    * all the records from the Student and Marks tables.
    */
   public List<StudentMarks> listStudents();
}

以下是StudentMarks.java文件的內容：

package com.yiibai;

public class StudentMarks {
   private Integer age;
   private String name;
   private Integer id;
   private Integer marks;
   private Integer year;
   private Integer sid;

   public void setAge(Integer age) {
      this.age = age;
   }
   public Integer getAge() {
      return age;
   }

   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
   public String getName() {
      return name;
   }

   public void setId(Integer id) {
      this.id = id;
   }
   public Integer getId() {
      return id;
   }
   public void setMarks(Integer marks) {
      this.marks = marks;
   }
   public Integer getMarks() {
      return marks;
   }

   public void setYear(Integer year) {
      this.year = year;
   }
   public Integer getYear() {
      return year;
   }

   public void setSid(Integer sid) {
      this.sid = sid;
   }
   public Integer getSid() {
      return sid;
   }
}

以下是StudentMarksMapper.java文件的內容：

package com.yiibai;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

public class StudentMarksMapper implements RowMapper<StudentMarks> {
   public StudentMarks mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {

      StudentMarks studentMarks = new StudentMarks();

      studentMarks.setId(rs.getInt("id"));
      studentMarks.setName(rs.getString("name"));
      studentMarks.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
      studentMarks.setSid(rs.getInt("sid"));
      studentMarks.setMarks(rs.getInt("marks"));
      studentMarks.setYear(rs.getInt("year"));

      return studentMarks;
   }
}

下麵是實現類文件StudentJDBCTemplate.java 的定義DAO接口StudentDAO：

package com.yiibai;

import java.util.List;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

public class StudentJDBCTemplate implements StudentDAO{
   private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateObject;

   public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
      this.jdbcTemplateObject = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
   }

   public void create(String name, Integer age, Integer marks, Integer year){

      try {
         String SQL1 = "insert into Student (name, age) values (?, ?)";
         jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL1, name, age);

         // Get the latest student id to be used in Marks table
         String SQL2 = "select max(id) from Student";
         int sid = jdbcTemplateObject.queryForInt( SQL2 );

         String SQL3 = "insert into Marks(sid, marks, year) " + 
                       "values (?, ?, ?)";
         jdbcTemplateObject.update( SQL3, sid, marks, year);

         System.out.println("Created Name = " + name + ", Age = " + age);
         // to simulate the exception.
         throw new RuntimeException("simulate Error condition") ;
      } catch (DataAccessException e) {
         System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
         throw e;
      }
   }

   public List<StudentMarks> listStudents() {
      String SQL = "select * from Student, Marks where Student.id=Marks.sid";

      List <StudentMarks> studentMarks=jdbcTemplateObject.query(SQL, 
      new StudentMarksMapper());
      return studentMarks;
   }
}

現在我們移動主應用程序文件MainApp.java，如下：

package com.yiibai;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class MainApp {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      ApplicationContext context = 
             new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");

      StudentDAO studentJDBCTemplate = 
      (StudentDAO)context.getBean("studentJDBCTemplate");
      
      System.out.println("------Records creation--------" );
      studentJDBCTemplate.create("Zara", 11, 99, 2010);
      studentJDBCTemplate.create("Nuha", 20, 97, 2010);
      studentJDBCTemplate.create("Ayan", 25, 100, 2011);

      System.out.println("------Listing all the records--------" );
      List<StudentMarks> studentMarks = studentJDBCTemplate.listStudents();
      for (StudentMarks record : studentMarks) {
         System.out.print("ID : " + record.getId() );
         System.out.print(", Name : " + record.getName() );
         System.out.print(", Marks : " + record.getMarks());
         System.out.print(", Year : " + record.getYear());
         System.out.println(", Age : " + record.getAge());
      }
   }
}

以下是配置文件beans.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
   http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">

   <!-- Initialization for data source -->
   <bean id="dataSource" 
      class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
      <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
      <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/TEST"/>
      <property name="username" value="root"/>
      <property name="password" value="cohondob"/>
   </bean>
  
   <tx:advice id="txAdvice"  transaction-manager="transactionManager">
      <tx:attributes>
      <tx:method name="create"/>
      </tx:attributes>
   </tx:advice>
	
   <aop:config>
      <aop:pointcut id="createOperation" 
      expression="execution(* com.yiibai.StudentJDBCTemplate.create(..))"/>
      <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="createOperation"/>
   </aop:config>
	
   <!-- Initialization for TransactionManager -->
   <bean id="transactionManager"
   class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
      <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource" />    
   </bean>

   <!-- Definition for studentJDBCTemplate bean -->
   <bean id="studentJDBCTemplate"  
   class="com.yiibai.StudentJDBCTemplate">
      <property name="dataSource"  ref="dataSource" />  
   </bean>

</beans>

創建源代碼和bean配置文件來完成，讓我們運行應用程序。如果一切順利，這將打印以下，將引發異常。在這種情況下，事務將回滾，並冇有記錄將在數據庫表中創建。

------Records creation--------
Created Name = Zara, Age = 11
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: simulate Error condition

你可以試試上麵的例子中去除異常後，在這種情況下，應該提交事務，應該看到在數據庫中的記錄。