一個Servlet可以使用HTML表單標記,允許用戶上傳文件到服務器。上傳的文件可能是一個文本文件或圖像文件或任何文件。
以下HTM代碼創建了一個上載的表單。記下以下重點:
該表格方法,屬性應該設置為POST方法,不能使用GET方法。
應該設置表單enctype屬性為multipart/form-data。
該表格的action屬性應該設置為一個servlet處理文件上傳的文件,該文件將在後端服務器。下麵的例子是使用UploadServlet的servlet上傳文件。
上傳單個文件,你應該用一個<input.../>屬性type =“file”標簽。為了允許多個文件上傳,包括一個以上的輸入標簽具有不同的名稱屬性的值。
瀏覽器聯關聯到他們每個人的“瀏覽”按鈕。
<html> <head> <title>File Uploading Form</title> </head> <body> <h3>File Upload:</h3> Select a file to upload: <br /> <form action="UploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="file" name="file" size="50" /> <br /> <input type="submit" value="Upload File" /> </form> </body> </html>
這將顯示下麵的結果,這將允許選擇一個文件,當用戶點擊“Upload File”,表單會從本地PC提交選定的文件:
File Upload: Select a file to upload:NOTE: This is just dummy form and would not work.
以下是servlet UploadServlet,會接受上傳的文件,並把它儲存在目錄
<Tomcat-installation-directory>/webapps/data。
這個目錄名也可以添加使用外部配置,如context-param元素在web.xml中定義如下:
<web-app> .... <context-param> <description>Location to store uploaded file</description> <param-name>file-upload</param-name> <param-value> c:\apache-tomcat-5.5.29\webapps\data\ </param-value> </context-param> .... </web-app>
以下是源代碼,可以處理多個文件上傳的UploadServlet一次。繼續操作之前,請確認下列各項:
下麵的例子依賴於文件上傳,所以一定要確保你有最新版本的的commons-fileupload.x.x.jar文件在你的classpath中。
文件上傳依賴於共享IO,所以一定要確保你有最新版本的ofcommons IO-xxjar的文件在你的classpath中。
可以從這裡下載 http://commons.apache.org/io/
在測試下麵的例子中,你要上傳的文件,它有大小不能大於MAXFILESIZE,否則文件將不能上傳
請確認已經創建目錄c:\temp and c:\apache-tomcat-5.5.29\webapps\data
// Import required java libraries import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import javax.servlet.ServletConfig; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory; import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload; import org.apache.commons.io.output.*; public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet { private boolean isMultipart; private String filePath; private int maxFileSize = 50 * 1024; private int maxMemSize = 4 * 1024; private File file ; public void init( ){ // Get the file location where it would be stored. filePath = getServletContext().getInitParameter("file-upload"); } public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, java.io.IOException { // Check that we have a file upload request isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request); response.setContentType("text/html"); java.io.PrintWriter out = response.getWriter( ); if( !isMultipart ){ out.println("<html>"); out.println("<head>"); out.println("<title>Servlet upload</title>"); out.println("</head>"); out.println("<body>"); out.println("<p>No file uploaded</p>"); out.println("</body>"); out.println("</html>"); return; } DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory(); // maximum size that will be stored in memory factory.setSizeThreshold(maxMemSize); // Location to save data that is larger than maxMemSize. factory.setRepository(new File("c:\\temp")); // Create a new file upload handler ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory); // maximum file size to be uploaded. upload.setSizeMax( maxFileSize ); try{ // Parse the request to get file items. List fileItems = upload.parseRequest(request); // Process the uploaded file items Iterator i = fileItems.iterator(); out.println("<html>"); out.println("<head>"); out.println("<title>Servlet upload</title>"); out.println("</head>"); out.println("<body>"); while ( i.hasNext () ) { FileItem fi = (FileItem)i.next(); if ( !fi.isFormField () ) { // Get the uploaded file parameters String fieldName = fi.getFieldName(); String fileName = fi.getName(); String contentType = fi.getContentType(); boolean isInMemory = fi.isInMemory(); long sizeInBytes = fi.getSize(); // Write the file if( fileName.lastIndexOf("\\") >= 0 ){ file = new File( filePath + fileName.substring( fileName.lastIndexOf("\\"))) ; }else{ file = new File( filePath + fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("\\")+1)) ; } fi.write( file ) ; out.println("Uploaded Filename: " + fileName + "<br>"); } } out.println("</body>"); out.println("</html>"); }catch(Exception ex) { System.out.println(ex); } } public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, java.io.IOException { throw new ServletException("GET method used with " + getClass( ).getName( )+": POST method required."); } }
編譯以上的servlet UploadServlet和在web.xml文件中配置如下創建所需的條目
<servlet> <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>UploadServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/UploadServlet</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
現在嘗試使用HTML表格,你在上麵創建的文件上傳。當在瀏覽器中訪問:http://localhost:8080/UploadFile.htm時,它會顯示下麵的結果,這將有助於你從本地計算機上傳任何文件。
File Upload: Select a file to upload:
如果servelt腳本能正常工作,可以上傳文件應該在 c:\apache-tomcat-5.5.29\webapps\data\ 目錄中.