Maven 構建生命周期
構建生命周期是什麼？
構建生命周期階段的目標是要執行的順序是一個良好定義的序列。在此階段的生命周期中的一個階段。
作為一個例子，一個典型的Maven 構建生命周期是由下列順序的階段：
| Phase | Handles | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| prepare-resources | resource copying | Resource copying can be customized in this phase. |
| compile | compilation | Source code compilation is done in this phase. |
| package | packaging | This phase creates the JAR / WAR package as mentioned in packaging in POM.xml. |
| install | installation | This phase installs the package in local / remote maven repository. |
總是有可用於注冊必須執行一個特定的階段之前或之後的目標的前處理和後階段。
當Maven開始建立一個項目，它通過定義序列的階段步驟和執行注冊的每個階段的目標。 Maven的有以下三種標準的生命周期：
-
clean
-
default(or build)
-
site
目標代表一個特定的任務，這有助於項目的建設和管理。它可以被綁定到零個或多個生成階段。一個冇有綁定到任何構建階段的目標的構建生命周期可以執行直接調用。
執行的順序取決於目標和構建階段被調用的順序。例如，考慮下麵的命令。清潔和包裝參數的構建階段，而依賴：複製的依賴關係是一個目標。
mvn clean dependency:copy-dependencies package
在這裡，清潔的階段，將首先執行，然後的依賴關係：複製依賴性的目標將被執行，並終於將執行包階段。
清潔生命周期
當我們執行命令mvn clean命令後，Maven的調用清潔的生命周期由以下幾個階段組成的。
-
pre-clean
-
clean
-
post-clean
Maven 清潔目標（clean:clean）被綁定的清潔乾淨的生命周期階段。clean:clean 目標刪除刪除build目錄下的輸出構建。因此，當mvn clean 命令執行時，Maven會刪除編譯目錄。
提到清潔的生命周期在上述階段的目標，我們可以自定義此行為。
在下麵的示例中，我們將附加 maven-antrun-plugin:run目標的預清潔，清潔和清潔後的階段。這將使我們能夠調用的信息顯示的清潔生命周期的各個階段。
我們已經創建了一個pom.xml在 C:\ MVN\ 項目文件夾中。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId> <artifactId>project</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> <executions> <execution> <id>id.pre-clean</id> <phase>pre-clean</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>pre-clean phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>id.clean</id> <phase>clean</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>clean phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>id.post-clean</id> <phase>post-clean</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>post-clean phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
現在，打開命令控製台，到該文件夾包含的pom.xml和執行以下mvncommand。
C:\MVN\project>mvn post-clean
Maven將開始處理和顯示清潔生命周期的所有階段
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Unnamed - com.companyname.projectgroup:project:jar:1.0
[INFO] task-segment: [post-clean]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.pre-clean}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
[echo] pre-clean phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}]
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.clean}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
[echo] clean phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.post-clean}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
[echo] post-clean phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: < 1 second
[INFO] Finished at: Sat Jul 07 13:38:59 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 4M/44M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
你可以嘗試調整mvn清潔的命令，該命令將顯示前乾淨清潔，什麼都不會被執行為清潔後階段。
默認（或生成）的生命周期
這是主要的Maven的生命周期，用於構建應用程序。它有以下23個階段。
| Lifecycle Phase | 描述 |
|---|---|
| validate | Validates whether project is correct and all necessary information is available to complete the build process. |
| initialize | Initializes build state, for example set properties |
| generate-sources | Generate any source code to be included in compilation phase. |
| process-sources | Process the source code, for example, filter any value. |
| generate-resources | Generate resources to be included in the package. |
| process-resources | Copy and process the resources into the destination directory, ready for packaging phase. |
| compile | Compile the source code of the project. |
| process-classes | Post-process the generated files from compilation, for example to do bytecode enhancement/optimization on Java classes. |
| generate-test-sources | Generate any test source code to be included in compilation phase. |
| process-test-sources | Process the test source code, for example, filter any values. |
| test-compile | Compile the test source code into the test destination directory. |
| process-test-classes | Process the generated files from test code file compilation. |
| test | Run tests using a suitable unit testing framework(Junit is one). |
| prepare-package | Perform any operations necessary to prepare a package before the actual packaging. |
| package | Take the compiled code and package it in its distributable format, such as a JAR, WAR, or EAR file. |
| pre-integration-test | Perform actions required before integration tests are executed. For example, setting up the required environment. |
| integration-test | Process and deploy the package if necessary into an environment where integration tests can be run. |
| pre-integration-test | Perform actions required after integration tests have been executed. For example, cleaning up the environment. |
| verify | Run any check-ups to verify the package is valid and meets quality criterias. |
| install | Install the package into the local repository, which can be used as a dependency in other projects locally. |
| deploy | Copies the final package to the remote repository for sharing with other developers and projects. |
There are few important concepts related to Maven Lifecycles which are wroth to mention:
-
When a phase is called via Maven command, for example mvn compile, only phases upto and including that phase will execute.
-
Different maven goals will be bound to different phases of Maven lifecycle depending upon the type of packaging (JAR / WAR / EAR).
在下麵的示例中，我們將附加的Maven的antrun插件：運行目標構建生命周期的幾個階段。這將使我們能夠回顯的短信顯示的生命周期的各個階段。
我們已經更新了pom.xml文件在C：\MVN\項目文件夾中。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId> <artifactId>project</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> <executions> <execution> <id>id.validate</id> <phase>validate</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>validate phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>id.compile</id> <phase>compile</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>compile phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>id.test</id> <phase>test</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>test phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>id.package</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>package phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>id.deploy</id> <phase>deploy</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>deploy phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
現在，打開命令控製台，進入該文件夾包含pom.xml和執行以下mvn命令。
C:\MVN\project>mvn compile
最多編譯階段，Maven將開始構建生命周期階段的處理和顯示。
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Unnamed - com.companyname.projectgroup:project:jar:1.0
[INFO] task-segment: [compile]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.validate}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
[echo] validate phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}]
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to copy filtered resources,
i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory C:\MVN\project\src\main\resources
[INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}]
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.compile}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
[echo] compile phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 2 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Sat Jul 07 20:18:25 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 7M/64M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
網站的生命周期
Maven的網站插件通常用於創建新的文檔，創建報告，部署網站等。
階段
-
pre-site
-
site
-
post-site
-
site-deploy
在下麵的示例中，我們將附加maven-antrun-plugin:run目標網站的生命周期的所有階段。這將使我們能夠呼應的短信顯示的生命周期的各個階段。
我們已經更新了pom.xml文件在C：\ MVN\項目文件夾中。
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.companyname.projectgroup</groupId> <artifactId>project</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> <executions> <execution> <id>id.pre-site</id> <phase>pre-site</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>pre-site phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>id.site</id> <phase>site</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration><tasks> <echo>site phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>id.post-site</id> <phase>post-site</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>post-site phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> <execution> <id>id.site-deploy</id> <phase>site-deploy</phase> <goals> <goal>run</goal> </goals> <configuration> <tasks> <echo>site-deploy phase</echo> </tasks> </configuration> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
現在，打開命令控製台，進入該文件夾包含pom.xml和執行以下mvn命令。
C:\MVN\project>mvn site
Maven將開始處理和顯示最多的網站網站的生命周期階段的階段。
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building Unnamed - com.companyname.projectgroup:project:jar:1.0
[INFO] task-segment: [site]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.pre-site}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
[echo] pre-site phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] [site:site {execution: default-site}]
[INFO] Generating "About" report.
[INFO] Generating "Issue Tracking" report.
[INFO] Generating "Project Team" report.
[INFO] Generating "Dependencies" report.
[INFO] Generating "Project Plugins" report.
[INFO] Generating "Continuous Integration" report.
[INFO] Generating "Source Repository" report.
[INFO] Generating "Project License" report.
[INFO] Generating "Mailing Lists" report.
[INFO] Generating "Plugin Management" report.
[INFO] Generating "Project Summary" report.
[INFO] [antrun:run {execution: id.site}]
[INFO] Executing tasks
[echo] site phase
[INFO] Executed tasks
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3 seconds
[INFO] Finished at: Sat Jul 07 15:25:10 IST 2012
[INFO] Final Memory: 24M/149M
[INFO] -
