JDBC WHERE子句實例
本教學介紹了如何使用JDBC應用程序表中選擇記錄的一個例子。這將使用WHERE子句,而從表中選擇記錄添加附加條件。執行下麵的示例之前,請確保如下:
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執行下麵的例子中,使用實際的用戶名和密碼代替username和password。
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MySQL或者其他數據庫,正在使用:啟動和運行。
所需的步驟:
創建使用JDBC應用程序一個新的數據庫需要執行以下步驟:
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導入包:要求包括含有需要進行數據庫編程的JDBC類的包。大多數情況下,使用 import java.sql.* 。
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注冊JDBC驅動程序:要求初始化驅動程序,使可以與數據庫打開一個通信通道。
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打開一個連接:要求使用DriverManager.getConnection()方法創建一個Connection對象,它代表與數據庫服務器的物理連接。
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執行一個查詢:需要使用類型聲明的對象建立並提交一個SQL語句從符合給定條件的表獲取記錄。查詢使用WHERE子句來查詢記錄。
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清理環境:需要明確地關閉所有的數據庫資源相對於依靠JVM的垃圾收集。
示例代碼:
複製過去的下麵的例子中JDBCExample.java,編譯並運行,如下所示:
//STEP 1. Import required packages import java.sql.*; public class JDBCExample { // JDBC driver name and database URL static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"; static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/STUDENTS"; // Database credentials static final String USER = "username"; static final String PASS = "password"; public static void main(String[] args) { Connection conn = null; Statement stmt = null; try{ //STEP 2: Register JDBC driver Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"); //STEP 3: Open a connection System.out.println("Connecting to a selected database..."); conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS); System.out.println("Connected database successfully..."); //STEP 4: Execute a query System.out.println("Creating statement..."); stmt = conn.createStatement(); // Extract records without any condition. System.out.println("Fetching records without condition..."); String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration"; ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); while(rs.next()){ //Retrieve by column name int id = rs.getInt("id"); int age = rs.getInt("age"); String first = rs.getString("first"); String last = rs.getString("last"); //Display values System.out.print("ID: " + id); System.out.print(", Age: " + age); System.out.print(", First: " + first); System.out.println(", Last: " + last); } // Select all records having ID equal or greater than 101 System.out.println("Fetching records with condition..."); sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Registration" + " WHERE id >= 101 "; rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql); while(rs.next()){ //Retrieve by column name int id = rs.getInt("id"); int age = rs.getInt("age"); String first = rs.getString("first"); String last = rs.getString("last"); //Display values System.out.print("ID: " + id); System.out.print(", Age: " + age); System.out.print(", First: " + first); System.out.println(", Last: " + last); } rs.close(); }catch(SQLException se){ //Handle errors for JDBC se.printStackTrace(); }catch(Exception e){ //Handle errors for Class.forName e.printStackTrace(); }finally{ //finally block used to close resources try{ if(stmt!=null) conn.close(); }catch(SQLException se){ }// do nothing try{ if(conn!=null) conn.close(); }catch(SQLException se){ se.printStackTrace(); }//end finally try }//end try System.out.println("Goodbye!"); }//end main }//end JDBCExample
現在讓我們來編譯上麵的例子如下:
C:>javac JDBCExample.java C:>
當運行JDBCExample,它會產生以下結果:
C:>java JDBCExample Connecting to a selected database... Connected database successfully... Creating statement... Fetching records without condition... ID: 100, Age: 30, First: Zara, Last: Ali ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal Fetching records with condition... ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal Goodbye! C:>