Java8數據流
流/Stream是在JAVA8中引入的一個抽象,可以處理類似SQL語句聲明數據。 例如,考慮下麵的SQL語句。
SELECT max(salary),employee_id,employee_name FROM Employee
上麵的SQL表達式會自動返回最大薪水員工的細節,冇有對開發者的最終做任何計算。在Java中使用集合框架,開發人員必須使用循環,使檢查反複。另一個值得關注的是效率,多核處理器可放心,Java開發人員必須編寫的並行代碼處理,但是非常容易出錯。
為了解決這樣的問題,JAVA8引入了流的概念,它允許開發者通過聲明處理數據,並可以leverate多核架構,而不需要編寫任何特定的代碼。
什麼是數據流?
流代表從支持聚合操作源的序列的對象。以下是數據流的特點。
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元素序列 - 流提供了一組特定類型的以順序方式元素。流獲取/計算需求的元素。它不存儲元素。
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源- 流使用集合,數組或I/O資源為輸入源。
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聚合操作 - 數據流支持如filter, map, limit, reduced, find, match等聚合操作。
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管道傳輸 - 大多數流操作的返回流本身使他們的結果可以被管道傳輸。這些操作被稱為中間操作以及它們的功能是利用輸入,處理輸入和輸出返回到目標。collect()方法是終端操作,這是通常出現在管道傳輸操作結束標記流的結束。
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自動迭代 - 流操作內部做了反複對比,其中明確迭代需要集合提供源元素。
生成數據流
使用Java8,Collection 接口有兩個方法來生成流。
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stream() -返回順序流考慮集合作為其源。
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parallelStream() - 返回並行數據流考慮集合作為其源。
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl"); List<String> filtered = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList());
ForEach
數據流提供了新的forEach方法遍曆該流中的每個元素。考慮下麵的例子打印10個隨機數字。
Random random = new Random(); random.ints().limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);
map
map方法用於映射每個元素對應的結果。考慮下麵的例子打印唯一的方形數字。
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 5); //get list of unique squares List<Integer> squaresList = numbers.stream().map( i -> i*i).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList());
filter
filter方法用於消除基於標準元素。考慮下麵的例子打印空字符串計數(總數)。
List<String>strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl"); //get count of empty string int count = strings.stream().filter(string -> string.isEmpty()).count();
limit
limit 方法用於減少流的大小。考慮下麵的例子打印10個隨機數字。
Random random = new Random(); random.ints().limit(10).forEach(System.out::println);
sorted
sorted方法用來流排序。考慮下麵的例子打印10個隨機數字的排序順序。
Random random = new Random(); random.ints().limit(10).sorted().forEach(System.out::println);
並行處理
parallelStream是流進行並行處理的替代方案。考慮下麵的例子打印空字符串計數。
List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl"); //get count of empty string int count = strings.parallelStream().filter(string -> string.isEmpty()).count();
這是很容易在順序和並行的流之間進行切換。
收集器
收集器是用來處理組合在一個數據流的元素的結果。收集器可用於返回一個列表或一個字符串。
List<String>strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl"); List<String> filtered = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println("Filtered List: " + filtered); String mergedString = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.joining(", ")); System.out.println("Merged String: " + mergedString);
統計
使用Java8,統計收集器引入計算所有統計數據時,流處理可以做這些。
List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 5); IntSummaryStatistics stats = integers.stream().mapToInt((x) -> x).summaryStatistics(); System.out.println("Highest number in List : " + stats.getMax()); System.out.println("Lowest number in List : " + stats.getMin()); System.out.println("Sum of all numbers : " + stats.getSum()); System.out.println("Average of all numbers : " + stats.getAverage());
Stream 例子
選擇使用任何編輯器創建以下java程序在C:/> JAVA
Java8Tester.javaimport java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.IntSummaryStatistics; import java.util.List; import java.util.Random; import java.util.stream.Collectors; import java.util.Map; public class Java8Tester { public static void main(String args[]){ System.out.println("Using Java 7: "); // Count empty strings List<String> strings = Arrays.asList("abc", "", "bc", "efg", "abcd","", "jkl"); System.out.println("List: " +strings); long count = getCountEmptyStringUsingJava7(strings); System.out.println("Empty Strings: " + count); count = getCountLength3UsingJava7(strings); System.out.println("Strings of length 3: " + count); //Eliminate empty string List<String> filtered = deleteEmptyStringsUsingJava7(strings); System.out.println("Filtered List: " + filtered); //Eliminate empty string and join using comma. String mergedString = getMergedStringUsingJava7(strings,", "); System.out.println("Merged String: " + mergedString); List<Integer> numbers = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 2, 3, 7, 3, 5); //get list of square of distinct numbers List<Integer> squaresList = getSquares(numbers); System.out.println("Squares List: " + squaresList); List<Integer> integers = Arrays.asList(1,2,13,4,15,6,17,8,19); System.out.println("List: " +integers); System.out.println("Highest number in List : " + getMax(integers)); System.out.println("Lowest number in List : " + getMin(integers)); System.out.println("Sum of all numbers : " + getSum(integers)); System.out.println("Average of all numbers : " + getAverage(integers)); System.out.println("Random Numbers: "); //print ten random numbers Random random = new Random(); for(int i=0; i < 10; i++){ System.out.println(random.nextInt()); } System.out.println("Using Java 8: "); System.out.println("List: " +strings); count = strings.stream().filter(string->string.isEmpty()).count(); System.out.println("Empty Strings: " + count); count = strings.stream().filter(string -> string.length() == 3).count(); System.out.println("Strings of length 3: " + count); filtered = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println("Filtered List: " + filtered); mergedString = strings.stream().filter(string -> !string.isEmpty()).collect(Collectors.joining(", ")); System.out.println("Merged String: " + mergedString); squaresList = numbers.stream().map( i -> i*i).distinct().collect(Collectors.toList()); System.out.println("Squares List: " + squaresList); System.out.println("List: " +integers); IntSummaryStatistics stats = integers.stream().mapToInt((x) -> x).summaryStatistics(); System.out.println("Highest number in List : " + stats.getMax()); System.out.println("Lowest number in List : " + stats.getMin()); System.out.println("Sum of all numbers : " + stats.getSum()); System.out.println("Average of all numbers : " + stats.getAverage()); System.out.println("Random Numbers: "); random.ints().limit(10).sorted().forEach(System.out::println); //parallel processing count = strings.parallelStream().filter(string -> string.isEmpty()).count(); System.out.println("Empty Strings: " + count); } private static int getCountEmptyStringUsingJava7(List<String> strings){ int count = 0; for(String string: strings){ if(string.isEmpty()){ count++; } } return count; } private static int getCountLength3UsingJava7(List<String> strings){ int count = 0; for(String string: strings){ if(string.length() == 3){ count++; } } return count; } private static List<String> deleteEmptyStringsUsingJava7(List<String> strings){ List<String> filteredList = new ArrayList<String>(); for(String string: strings){ if(!string.isEmpty()){ filteredList.add(string); } } return filteredList; } private static String getMergedStringUsingJava7(List<String> strings, String seperator){ StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); for(String string: strings){ if(!string.isEmpty()){ stringBuilder.append(string); stringBuilder.append(seperator); } } String mergedString = stringBuilder.toString(); return mergedString.substring(0, mergedString.length()-2); } private static List<Integer> getSquares(List<Integer> numbers){ List<Integer> squaresList = new ArrayList<Integer>(); for(Integer number: numbers){ Integer square = new Integer(number.intValue() * number.intValue()); if(!squaresList.contains(square)){ squaresList.add(square); } } return squaresList; } private static int getMax(List<Integer> numbers){ int max = numbers.get(0); for(int i=1;i< numbers.size();i++){ Integer number = numbers.get(i); if(number.intValue() > max){ max = number.intValue(); } } return max; } private static int getMin(List<Integer> numbers){ int min = numbers.get(0); for(int i=1;i< numbers.size();i++){ Integer number = numbers.get(i); if(number.intValue() < min){ min = number.intValue(); } } return min; } private static int getSum(List<Integer> numbers){ int sum = numbers.get(0); for(int i=1;i< numbers.size();i++){ sum += numbers.get(i).intValue(); } return sum; } private static int getAverage(List<Integer> numbers){ return getSum(numbers) / numbers.size(); } }
驗證結果
使用javac編譯器編譯如下類
C:\JAVA>javac Java8Tester.java
現在運行Java8Tester看到的結果
C:\JAVA>java Java8Tester
看到結果
Using Java 7: List: [abc, , bc, efg, abcd, , jkl] Empty Strings: 2 Strings of length 3: 3 Filtered List: [abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl] Merged String: abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl Squares List: [9, 4, 49, 25] List: [1, 2, 13, 4, 15, 6, 17, 8, 19] Highest number in List : 19 Lowest number in List : 1 Sum of all numbers : 85 Average of all numbers : 9 Random Numbers: -1279735475 903418352 -1133928044 -1571118911 628530462 18407523 -881538250 -718932165 270259229 421676854 Using Java 8: List: [abc, , bc, efg, abcd, , jkl] Empty Strings: 2 Strings of length 3: 3 Filtered List: [abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl] Merged String: abc, bc, efg, abcd, jkl Squares List: [9, 4, 49, 25] List: [1, 2, 13, 4, 15, 6, 17, 8, 19] Highest number in List : 19 Lowest number in List : 1 Sum of all numbers : 85 Average of all numbers : 9.444444444444445 Random Numbers: -1009474951 -551240647 -2484714 181614550 933444268 1227850416 1579250773 1627454872 1683033687 1798939493 Empty Strings: 2