如何解決線程死鎖？

解決方法

下麵的示例演示如何使用線程的概念來解決死鎖。

import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.*;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.*;

public class DeadlockDetectingLock extends ReentrantLock {
   private static List deadlockLocksRegistry 
   = new ArrayList();
   private static synchronized void 
   registerLock(DeadlockDetectingLock ddl) {
      if (!deadlockLocksRegistry.contains(ddl)) 
      deadlockLocksRegistry.add(ddl);
   }
   private static synchronized void 
   unregisterLock(DeadlockDetectingLock ddl) {
      if (deadlockLocksRegistry.contains(ddl))
      deadlockLocksRegistry.remove(ddl);
   }
   private List hardwaitingThreads = new ArrayList();
   private static synchronized void 
   markAsHardwait(List l, Thread t) {
   if (!l.contains(t))
   l.add(t);
}

private static synchronized void 
freeIfHardwait(List l, Thread t) {
   if (l.contains(t))
   l.remove(t);
}

private static Iterator getAllLocksOwned(Thread t) {
   DeadlockDetectingLock current;
   ArrayList results = new ArrayList();
   Iterator itr = deadlockLocksRegistry.iterator();
   while (itr.hasNext()) {
      current = (DeadlockDetectingLock) itr.next();
      if    (current.getOwner() == t)
      results.add(current);
   }
   return results.iterator();
}

private static Iterator 
getAllThreadsHardwaiting(DeadlockDetectingLock l) {
   return l.hardwaitingThreads.iterator();
}

private static synchronized boolean canThreadWaitOnLock
(Thread t,DeadlockDetectingLock l) {
   Iterator locksOwned = getAllLocksOwned(t);
   while (locksOwned.hasNext()) {
      DeadlockDetectingLock current 
      = (DeadlockDetectingLock) locksOwned.next();
      if (current == l)
      return false;
      Iterator waitingThreads 
      = getAllThreadsHardwaiting(current);
      while (waitingThreads.hasNext()) {
         Thread otherthread = (Thread) waitingThreads.next();
         if (!canThreadWaitOnLock(otherthread, l)) {
            return false;
         }
      }
   }
   return true;
}

public DeadlockDetectingLock() {
   this(false, false);
}

public DeadlockDetectingLock(boolean fair) {
   this(fair, false);
}

private boolean debugging;

public DeadlockDetectingLock(boolean fair, boolean debug) {
   super(fair);
   debugging = debug;
   registerLock(this);
}

public void lock() {
   if (isHeldByCurrentThread()) {
      if (debugging)
      System.out.println("Already Own Lock");
      super.lock();
      freeIfHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
      Thread.currentThread());
      return;
   }
   markAsHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
   Thread.currentThread());
   if (canThreadWaitOnLock(Thread.currentThread(), this)) {
      if (debugging)
      System.out.println("Waiting For Lock");
      super.lock();
      freeIfHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
      Thread.currentThread()); 
      if (debugging)
      System.out.println("Got New Lock");
   }
   else {
      throw new DeadlockDetectedException("DEADLOCK");
   }
}

public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
   lock();
}

locks.
public class DeadlockDetectingCondition implements Condition {
   Condition embedded;
   protected DeadlockDetectingCondition(ReentrantLock lock,
   Condition embedded) {
      this.embedded = embedded;
   }

   Public void await() throws InterruptedException {
      try {
         markAsHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
         Thread.currentThread());
         embedded.await();
      }
      finally {
         freeIfHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
         Thread.currentThread());
      }
   }

   public void awaitUninterruptibly() {
      markAsHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
      Thread.currentThread());
      embedded.awaitUninterruptibly();
      freeIfHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
      Thread.currentThread());
   }

   public long awaitNanos(long nanosTimeout) 
      throws InterruptedException {
      try {
         markAsHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
         Thread.currentThread());
         return embedded.awaitNanos(nanosTimeout);
      }
      finally {
         freeIfHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
         Thread.currentThread());
      }
   }

   public boolean await(long time, TimeUnit unit)
   throws InterruptedException {
      try {
         markAsHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
         Thread.currentThread());
         return embedded.await(time, unit);
      }
      finally {
         freeIfHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
         Thread.currentThread());
      } 
   }

   public boolean awaitUntil(Date deadline) 
   throws InterruptedException {
      try {
         markAsHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
         Thread.currentThread());
         return embedded.awaitUntil(deadline);
      }
      finally {
         freeIfHardwait(hardwaitingThreads, 
         Thread.currentThread());
      }
   }

   public void signal() {
      embedded.signal();
   }

   public void signalAll() {
      embedded.signalAll();
   }
}

public Condition newCondition() {
   return new DeadlockDetectingCondition(this, 
   super.newCondition());
}

private static Lock a = new DeadlockDetectingLock(false, true);
private static Lock b = new DeadlockDetectingLock(false, true);
private static Lock c = new DeadlockDetectingLock(false, true);
private static Condition wa = a.newCondition();
private static Condition wb = b.newCondition();
private static Condition wc = c.newCondition();
private static void delaySeconds(int seconds) {
   try {
      Thread.sleep(seconds * 1000);
   }
   catch (InterruptedException ex) {
   }
}

private static void awaitSeconds(Condition c, int seconds) {
   try {
      c.await(seconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
   }
   catch (InterruptedException ex) {
   }
}

private static void testOne() {
   new Thread(new Runnable() {
      public void run() {
         System.out.println("thread one grab a");
         a.lock();
         delaySeconds(2);
         System.out.println("thread one grab b");
         b.lock();
         delaySeconds(2);
         a.unlock();
         b.unlock();
      }
   }).start();
   new Thread(new Runnable() {
      public void run() {
         System.out.println("thread two grab b");
         b.lock();
         delaySeconds(2);
         System.out.println("thread two grab a");
         a.lock();
         delaySeconds(2);
         a.unlock();
         b.unlock();
      }
   }).start();
}

private static void testTwo() {
   new Thread(new Runnable() {
      public void run() {
         System.out.println("thread one grab a");
         a.lock();
         delaySeconds(2) ;
         System.out.println("thread one grab b");
         b.lock();
         delaySeconds(10); 
         a.unlock();
         b.unlock();
      }
   }).start();
   new Thread(new Runnable() {
      public void run() {
         System.out.println("thread two grab b");
         b.lock();
         delaySeconds(2);
         System.out.println("thread two grab c");
         c.lock();
         delaySeconds(10);
         b.unlock();
         c.unlock();
      }
   }).start();
   new Thread(new Runnable() {
      public void run() {
         System.out.println("thread three grab c");
         c.lock();
         delaySeconds(4);
         System.out.println("thread three grab a");
         a.lock();
         delaySeconds(10);
         c.unlock();
         a.unlock();
      }
   }).start();
}

private static void testThree() {
   new Thread(new Runnable() {
      public void run() {
         System.out.println("thread one grab b");
         b.lock();
         System.out.println("thread one grab a");
         a.lock();
         delaySeconds(2);
         System.out.println("thread one waits on b");
         awaitSeconds(wb, 10);
         a.unlock();
         b.unlock();
      }
   }).start();
   new Thread(new Runnable() {
      public void run() {
         delaySeconds(1);
         System.out.println("thread two grab b");
         b.lock();
         System.out.println("thread two grab a");
         a.lock();
         delaySeconds(10);
         b.unlock();
         c.unlock();
      }
   }).start();
}

public static void main(String args[]) {
   int test = 1;
   if (args.length > 0)
   test = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
   switch (test) {
      case 1:
      testOne();
      break;
      case 2:
      testTwo(); 
      break; 
      case 3:
      testThree();
      break;
      default:
      System.err.println("usage: java 
      DeadlockDetectingLock [ test# ]");
   }
   delaySeconds(60);
   System.out.println("--- End Program ---");
   System.exit(0);
   }
}

class DeadlockDetectedException extends RuntimeException {
   public DeadlockDetectedException(String s) {
      super(s);
   }
}

結果

上麵的代碼示例將產生以下結果。

thread one grab a
Waiting For Lock
Got New Lock
thread two grab b
Waiting For Lock
Got New Lock
thread one grab b
Waiting For Lock
thread two grab a
Exception in thread "Thread-1" 
DeadlockDetectedException:DEADLOCK
		at DeadlockDetectingLock.
        lock(DealockDetectingLock.java:152)
		at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:595)